Chronic Illness NCLEX Questions

Chronic Illness NCLEX Questions Related

Review Chronic Illness NCLEX Questions related questions and content

Which complications are the three main consequences of leukemia?

  • A. Bone deformities, spherocytosis and infection.
  • B. Anemia, infection, and bleeding tendencies.
  • C. Lymphocytopoiesis, growth delays, and hirsutism.
  • D. Polycythemia, decreased clotting time, and infection.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Leukemia, a bone marrow cancer, replaces normal marrow elements with immature, dysfunctional white blood cells (lymphoblasts), leading to three primary complications: anemia, infection, and bleeding tendencies. Anemia results from reduced red blood cell production, causing fatigue and pallor. Infection risk rises due to neutropenia immature lymphoblasts lack infection-fighting ability making children prone to severe illnesses. Bleeding tendencies occur from thrombocytopenia, low platelet counts causing bruising or petechiae. Bone deformities and spherocytosis aren't leukemia hallmarks; the former might occur in bone cancers like osteosarcoma, and the latter is a red cell disorder. Lymphocytopoiesis is a process, not a complication, while growth delays and hirsutism aren't primary leukemia effects. Polycythemia (high red cells) and decreased clotting time oppose leukemia's anemia and bleeding risks. Nurses must monitor these complications, as they guide interventions like transfusions or antibiotics, critical for supporting children through leukemia treatment.

You may also like to solve these questions

The glycaemic profiles of people living with diabetes is affected by the following EXCEPT:

  • A. Dietary intake
  • B. Exercise
  • C. Monitoring of blood glucose
  • D. Stress
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Glycemic profiles in diabetes are influenced by dietary intake (carbohydrate amount/type), exercise (glucose uptake), stress (cortisol-driven hyperglycemia), and medications (dose/effect). Monitoring blood glucose, however, doesn't affect the profile it measures it. While vital for management, the act of checking doesn't alter underlying glucose levels, unlike the others, which directly impact metabolism. This distinction is key for physicians educating patients on factors driving glycemic control, ensuring focus on actionable influencers rather than tools in chronic diabetes care.

After change-of-shift report on the oncology unit, which patient should the nurse assess first?

  • A. Patient who has a platelet count of 82,000/µL after chemotherapy
  • B. Patient who has xerostomia after receiving head and neck radiation
  • C. Patient who is neutropenic and has a temperature of 100.5°F (38.1°C)
  • D. Patient who is worried about getting the prescribed long-acting opioid on time
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Neutropenia plus 100.5°F screams infection sepsis looms, outranking low platelets (A bleeding's later), dry mouth , or opioid timing . Nurses in oncology bolt here fever in a white-cell wasteland's a killer, needing stat eyes.

A 59-year-old lady with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), heart failure from coronary artery disease, and an ejection fraction of 60 percent attends your practice for a routine follow-up. She has mild dyspnea while climbing stairs but reports no other limitations in her usual activities. Her HbA1c was 7.2 percent. She is compliant to extended-release metformin 2,000 mg OD, Rosuvastatin 10 mg ON, Telmisartan 40 mg OD, carvedilol 25 mg BD, and aspirin 100 mg OD. Her vital signs reveal stable body weight at 88 kg, a blood pressure of 126/78 mmHg, a heart rate of 68 bpm and regular, and a respiratory rate of 18 breaths/min. Her examination is otherwise normal. What would be the most appropriate next step in management?

  • A. Increase carvedilol to 50 mg BD
  • B. Add an SGLT2-inhibitor to her regimen
  • C. Add basal insulin to her regimen
  • D. Add dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor to her regimen
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: HFpEF (EF 60%) with T2DM and dyspnea SGLT2 inhibitors cut heart failure risk and aid sugar, a dual win over carvedilol's max-out, insulin's glucose-only hit, DPP-4's weak HF edge, or unneeded frusemide (no edema). Clinicians add this, boosting chronic outcomes, a smart next step.

Which organism is least likely to show the characteristic periodicity of fever in malaria?

  • A. p. malariae
  • B. p. vivax
  • C. p. ovale
  • D. p. falciparum
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Falciparum's fever messy, constant, not vivax, ovale, malariae's tidy cycles. Nurses spot this chronic chaos king.

A patient who is scheduled for a breast biopsy asks the nurse the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor. Which answer by the nurse is correct?

  • A. Benign tumors do not cause damage to other tissues.
  • B. Benign tumors are likely to recur in the same location.
  • C. Malignant tumors may spread to other tissues or organs.
  • D. Malignant cells reproduce more rapidly than normal cells.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Malignant tumors metastasize spreading to distant sites via lymph or blood unlike benign ones, which stay put. That's the key split. Benign tumors can still mess up nearby tissues by pressing on them (e.g., a benign meningioma squeezing brain), so A's off. B's wrong benign tumors rarely recur if fully removed; malignancy's more prone to that. D's a myth malignant cells don't always divide faster; some, like chronic leukemia, creep along. Nurses in oncology nail this down for patients facing biopsies, like this breast case, where fear of spread drives the question. Explaining metastasis clarifies why malignant's scarier it's not just growth, it's invasion, a game-changer for prognosis and treatment.

Copyright © 2025 Nokea. All rights reserved.