Nokea
Which condition is associated with inadequate intake of vitamin C?
- A. rickets
- B. marasmus
- C. kwashiorkor
- D. scurvy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Scurvy results from vitamin C deficiency, causing symptoms like bleeding gums and poor wound healing. The other conditions are related to different nutritional deficiencies. Physiological Adaptation
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Following a small-bowel resection, a client develops fever and anemia. The surface surrounding the surgical wound is warm to the touch and necrotizing fasciitis is suspected. Another manifestation that would most suggest necrotizing fasciitis is:
- A. erythema
- B. leukocytosis
- C. pressurelike pain
- D. swelling
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Severe pressurelike pain out of proportion to visible signs distinguishes necrotizing fasciitis from cellulitis. Erythema, leukocytosis, and swelling are present in both cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis.
A batterer is usually someone who:
- A. grew up in a loving, secure home.
- B. was an only child.
- C. was physically or psychologically abused.
- D. admits he has a problem with anger.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Many batterers have a history of experiencing or witnessing abuse, contributing to learned violent behavior. The other options are not consistently associated with battering. Psychosocial Integrity
A school-age child with terminal leukemia is admitted to the pediatric unit. The nurse must discuss advance directives with the child's parents. The nurse should include which information?
- A. Positive appraisal of the child's prognosis
- B. Chemotherapy options
- C. Comfort care options
- D. Bone marrow transplantation information
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse shouldn't give a positive appraisal of the child's prognosis because doing so gives the parents false hope. The nurse must be honest about the child's prognosis and provide them accurate information about treatment options, which include palliative care, comfort care, and pain management. The physician - not the nurse - should discuss such treatment options as chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation, if indicated.
A client with retinal detachment of the right eye has a scleral buckling with instillation of silicone oil. Post-operatively the client should be positioned:
- A. In semi-Fowler's position with the head in neutral position
- B. Supine with the head turned to the right side
- C. In low Trendelenburg position with the head in neutral position
- D. Prone with the head turned to the left side
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Following a scleral buckling with instillation of silicone oil or gas, the client should be positioned prone with the head turned so that the operative eye is facing upward. Answers A, B, and C would displace the oil and prevent it from enhancing a seal between the retina and choroid.
The nurse is caring for a client with a history of diverticulitis. Which of the following dietary recommendations should the nurse provide to prevent flare-ups?
- A. Increase intake of nuts and seeds.
- B. Follow a low-fiber diet.
- C. Consume a high-fiber diet.
- D. Avoid all dairy products.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A high-fiber diet promotes regular bowel movements and reduces pressure in the colon, preventing diverticulitis flare-ups. Nuts and seeds (A) may irritate diverticula, a low-fiber diet (B) worsens symptoms, and dairy restriction (D) is unnecessary unless lactose intolerant.