Nokea
Which condition is characterized by writhing, twisting movements of the face and limbs?
- A. epilepsy
- B. Parkinson's
- C. muscular sclerosis
- D. Huntington's chorea
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Huntington's chorea. Huntington's chorea is a genetic disorder characterized by involuntary, writhing, and twisting movements of the face and limbs, known as chorea. This is due to degeneration of certain brain cells. Epilepsy (A) involves seizures, not specific movements. Parkinson's (B) is characterized by tremors and rigidity, not chorea. Multiple sclerosis (C) affects the central nervous system, causing a variety of symptoms, but not typically chorea.
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A man has been admitted to the observation unit after having been treated for a large cut on his foreheaAs the nurse works through the interview, one of the standard questions has to do with alcohol, tobacco, and drug use. When the nurse asks him about tobacco use, he states, "I quit smoking after my wife died 7 years ago." However, the nurse notices an open packet of cigarettes in his shirt pocket. If using confrontation as a response, the nurse could say:
- A. Mr. K., you have said that you don't smoke, but I see that you have an open packet of cigarettes in your pocket.
- B. Mr. K., come on, tell me how much you smoke.
- C. Mr. K., I didn't realize your wife had dieIt must be difficult for you at this time. Please tell me more about that.
- D. Mr. K., I know that you are lying.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because using confrontation in this situation involves addressing the discrepancy between the patient's statement and observed behavior without being aggressive or judgmental. By stating, "Mr. K., I know that you are lying," the nurse directly addresses the inconsistency, encouraging honesty and open communication. This approach can help build trust and facilitate a more honest discussion about the patient's tobacco use.
Choice A is incorrect as it is too direct and may come across as accusatory. Choice B is also incorrect as it does not acknowledge the discrepancy and may not lead to a productive conversation. Choice C is incorrect as it avoids addressing the issue and focuses on the patient's personal situation instead of the behavior in question.
What is the best nursing action for a client with a wound infection?
- A. Administer antibiotics
- B. Apply sterile dressing
- C. Monitor blood pressure
- D. Place the client in a sitting position
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer antibiotics. This is the best nursing action for a client with a wound infection because antibiotics are necessary to treat the infection at its source, targeting the bacteria causing the infection. Antibiotics help prevent the infection from spreading and promote healing.
Explanation of why other choices are incorrect:
B: Applying a sterile dressing is important for wound care but does not address the underlying infection.
C: Monitoring blood pressure is important for overall patient assessment but does not directly treat the wound infection.
D: Placing the client in a sitting position is not relevant to treating a wound infection.
What does the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regulate?
- A. Who will provide client care
- B. Privacy of information
- C. How insurance information is obtained
- D. Where a chart can be stored
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because HIPAA regulates the privacy and security of protected health information. This includes how healthcare providers, insurers, and other entities handle and safeguard patient information to ensure confidentiality. Choice A is incorrect as HIPAA does not dictate who provides client care. Choice C is incorrect as HIPAA focuses on the protection of health information, not how insurance information is obtained. Choice D is incorrect as HIPAA does not specify where a chart can be stored, but rather how the information within it is protected.
A nurse is teaching a patient about managing diabetes. Which of the following actions would the nurse emphasize as most important in preventing complications from diabetes?
- A. Monitoring blood glucose levels regularly.
- B. Limiting physical activity to prevent injury.
- C. Maintaining a low-fat, high-protein diet.
- D. Taking insulin as prescribed regardless of blood sugar levels.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice A is correct:
1. Monitoring blood glucose levels regularly allows for timely adjustments in treatment.
2. It helps in preventing hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia complications.
3. Enables the patient to understand how their lifestyle choices impact their blood sugar levels.
4. Empowers the patient to make informed decisions regarding their diabetes management.
Summary of why the other choices are incorrect:
B: Limiting physical activity can lead to complications like obesity and decreased insulin sensitivity.
C: Diet should focus on balanced nutrition, not just low-fat or high-protein, to manage diabetes effectively.
D: Taking insulin regardless of blood sugar levels can result in hypoglycemia or poor blood sugar control.
A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of chronic kidney disease. The nurse should monitor for which of the following complications related to decreased renal function?
- A. Hyperkalemia.
- B. Hypoglycemia.
- C. Hypotension.
- D. Hypercalcemia.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hyperkalemia. In chronic kidney disease, the kidneys are unable to effectively excrete potassium, leading to elevated levels in the blood. This can result in life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Monitoring for hyperkalemia is crucial in managing patients with kidney disease.
Other choices are incorrect because:
B: Hypoglycemia is not typically associated with chronic kidney disease.
C: Hypotension may occur in kidney disease but is not directly related to decreased renal function.
D: Hypercalcemia is not a common complication of decreased renal function; in fact, kidney disease can lead to low levels of calcium.