Nokea
Which connective tissue type attaches muscles to bones?
- A. Ligaments
- B. Tendons
- C. Cartilage
- D. Fascia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tendons are the correct answer. They are strong connective tissues that connect muscles to bones, allowing movement when muscles contract. Ligaments connect bones to other bones, providing joint stability. Cartilage is a firm, flexible connective tissue present in joints and the outer ear. Fascia is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, offering support and protection. Therefore, the correct tissue type that connects muscles to bones is tendons.
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Which part of the brain is responsible for processing emotions?
- A. Frontal lobe
- B. Amygdala
- C. Parietal lobe
- D. Occipital lobe
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is the amygdala. It is a small, almond-shaped structure located within the temporal lobe of the brain. The amygdala plays a crucial role in processing emotions such as fear, anger, pleasure, and other emotional responses. It is involved in the formation of emotional memories and helps regulate emotional responses to various stimuli. The frontal lobe is mainly responsible for higher cognitive functions such as decision-making and problem-solving, not processing emotions. The parietal lobe is involved in processing sensory information and spatial awareness, while the occipital lobe is primarily responsible for processing visual information.
Which gland is known as the 'master gland' of the body?
- A. Thyroid gland
- B. Adrenal gland
- C. Pituitary gland
- D. Pineal gland
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The pituitary gland, often referred to as the 'master gland,' controls the release of hormones from other endocrine glands in the body. It secretes various hormones that regulate many bodily functions, making it a central and vital component of the endocrine system. The thyroid gland (Choice A) regulates metabolism, the adrenal gland (Choice B) produces hormones like adrenaline, and the pineal gland (Choice D) secretes melatonin, but none of these glands are considered the 'master gland' that controls the functions of other endocrine glands.
Which hormone is responsible for the regulation of calcium levels in the blood?
- A. Insulin
- B. Parathyroid hormone
- C. Cortisol
- D. Melatonin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone, produced by the parathyroid glands, is responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood. It achieves this by increasing calcium absorption in the intestines and kidneys, thus maintaining appropriate calcium levels in the bloodstream. Insulin is involved in glucose metabolism, not calcium regulation. Cortisol is a stress hormone that affects various body functions but not calcium levels. Melatonin is responsible for regulating the sleep-wake cycle, not calcium levels.
What type of joint is found in the elbow?
- A. Ball and socket joint
- B. Hinge joint
- C. Pivot joint
- D. Saddle joint
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is a hinge joint. The elbow joint is a hinge joint that allows for flexion and extension movements, much like the movement of a door hinge. This type of joint permits movement in one plane, similar to the action of opening and closing a door. The other choices are incorrect:
A) Ball and socket joints allow for a wide range of motion in multiple directions, such as the hip and shoulder joints.
C) Pivot joints allow rotation around a single axis, like the joint at the top of the neck that allows the head to turn from side to side.
D) Saddle joints are found in the thumb and have a biaxial range of motion allowing flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction.
What is a primary function of the skeletal system?
- A. Production of red blood cells
- B. Support and protection
- C. Secretion of hormones
- D. Regulation of body temperature
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Support and protection. The primary functions of the skeletal system include providing structural support to the body and protecting internal organs. While the skeletal system also plays a role in hematopoiesis (production of blood cells) and stores minerals, its main function is to support the body's framework and protect vital organs. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly relate to the primary functions of the skeletal system.