Nokea
Which contraction generates the least force?
- A. Slow eccentric
- B. Fast eccentric
- C. Slow concentric
- D. Fast concentric
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Fast concentric. During fast concentric contractions, the muscle shortens quickly, generating the least force compared to other contractions. This is because the muscle fibers have less time to develop tension, resulting in lower force production. Slow eccentric contractions (choice A) generate more force as the muscle lengthens under tension. Fast eccentric contractions (choice B) produce more force than fast concentric contractions due to the muscle lengthening while under tension. Slow concentric contractions (choice C) generate more force than fast concentric contractions as the muscle shortens slowly, allowing for greater force development.
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Mark each of the following statements as therapeutic or nontherapeutic. c. "Dr. Daniels knows what he is talking about. Just follow his recommendations."
- A. Therapeutic
- B. Nontherapeutic
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nontherapeutic. This statement is nontherapeutic because it implies a lack of autonomy and empowerment for the individual seeking help. It suggests blindly following advice without considering personal preferences or values. This can hinder the therapeutic process by diminishing the client's ability to actively participate in decision-making and problem-solving. Therapeutic communication focuses on collaboration, empowerment, and respect for the client's autonomy. Choices A, C, and D are left blank as they do not provide a suitable rationale for the given question.
Scoliosis can be classified as structural or functional. Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of structural scoliosis?
- A. Most cases are idiopathic
- B. It is reversible
- C. Subtype of structural scoliosis includes idiopathic
- D. Subtypes of structural scoliosis include congenital or acquired
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: It is reversible. Structural scoliosis involves irreversible changes in the spine's alignment, such as rotation and curvature due to factors like abnormal growth or spinal deformities. Reversibility is not a characteristic of structural scoliosis.
A: Most cases are idiopathic - This is a characteristic of structural scoliosis as idiopathic scoliosis is the most common type.
C: Subtype of structural scoliosis includes idiopathic - This supports the characteristic of idiopathic scoliosis within the structural category.
D: Subtypes of structural scoliosis include congenital or acquired - This is correct as structural scoliosis can be caused by congenital abnormalities or acquired conditions, supporting the definition of structural scoliosis.
Sudden, painful unilateral loss of vision may be caused by which of the following conditions?
- A. Vitreous hemorrhage
- B. Central retinal artery occlusion
- C. Macular degeneration
- D. Optic neuritis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Optic neuritis. Optic neuritis causes sudden, painful unilateral vision loss due to inflammation of the optic nerve. This condition often presents with reduced visual acuity, color vision changes, and afferent pupillary defect. Vitreous hemorrhage (A) typically causes painless vision loss, while central retinal artery occlusion (B) results in sudden painless vision loss. Macular degeneration (C) usually causes gradual central vision loss without pain.
Mrs. Patton, a 48-year-old woman, comes to your office with a complaint of a breast mass. Without any other information, what is the risk of this mass being cancerous?
- A. About 10%
- B. About 20%
- C. About 30%
- D. About 40%
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: About 10%. The risk of a breast mass being cancerous in a 48-year-old woman without any other information is approximately 10%. This estimate is based on epidemiological data and risk assessment tools that consider age, family history, and other risk factors. It is important to note that the risk could vary based on individual factors, but in general, the likelihood of a breast mass being cancerous is lower in younger women. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they overestimate the risk without considering the specific patient's characteristics.
A physical therapist evaluates a patient with suspected carpal tunnel syndrome. Which clinical test is MOST appropriate to confirm the diagnosis?
- A. Finkelstein test
- B. Phalen's test
- C. Tinel's sign at the elbow
- D. Empty can test
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Phalen's test. This test involves the patient flexing their wrists for 60 seconds to reproduce symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. This maneuver compresses the median nerve, causing numbness and tingling in the fingers. Phalen's test is specific for carpal tunnel syndrome. Other choices are not specific to this condition. Finkelstein test is for De Quervain's tenosynovitis, Tinel's sign at the elbow is for ulnar nerve entrapment, and Empty can test is for rotator cuff pathology.