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Which database would the public health nurse use when conducting research to locate regularly updated systematic reviews?
- A. Cochrane Library
- B. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
- C. Medline with Full Text
- D. Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cochrane Library. The Cochrane Library is renowned for regularly updated systematic reviews, providing high-quality evidence for healthcare decision-making. It follows strict methodology to ensure reliability. AHRQ (B) focuses on healthcare quality improvement, not systematically updated reviews. While Medline (C) and CINAHL (D) are databases for primary research articles, they do not specifically focus on systematic reviews. Therefore, Cochrane Library is the most appropriate database for the public health nurse's research needs.
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Select the great public health achievements in the United States in the 20th century. (Select all that apply.)
- A. Elimination of common infectious diseases
- B. Recognition of tobacco as a health hazard
- C. Fluoridation of drinking water
- D. Healthier mothers and babies
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Elimination of common infectious diseases. This achievement significantly improved public health by decreasing morbidity and mortality rates. It was made possible through advancements in vaccination programs, sanitation practices, and public health education. This achievement led to the eradication of diseases like smallpox and the near-elimination of diseases like polio. The other choices are incorrect because although they are also important public health achievements, they do not have the same widespread impact as the elimination of common infectious diseases. Recognizing tobacco as a health hazard (B) led to public health campaigns and regulations but did not have the same broad-reaching impact. Fluoridation of drinking water (C) improved dental health but did not have the same magnitude of impact on overall public health. Healthier mothers and babies (D) is crucial but does not encompass the scope of achievement represented by the elimination of common infectious diseases.
Which information is the nurse assessing when appraising the applicability of a research article?
- A. The intended audience of the article
- B. The degree to which the results relate to a specific population
- C. The accuracy or credibility of the research
- D. The purpose of the research
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: The degree to which the results relate to a specific population. This is crucial in determining the relevance and applicability of the research findings to the target population. Assessing the generalizability of the results is essential for making informed decisions in practice.
Incorrect Choices:
A: The intended audience of the article - While important, it does not directly impact the applicability of the research findings to a specific population.
C: The accuracy or credibility of the research - While important for validity, it does not address the specific relevance to a population.
D: The purpose of the research - While understanding the purpose is important, it doesn't directly assess the applicability to a specific population.
Which activity would the nurse perform during the evaluation phase of evidence-based decision- making (EBDM)?
- A. Carrying out the proposed plan
- B. Deciding if the evidence is applicable to the population
- C. Determining the effectiveness of the plan
- D. Compiling the data
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During the evaluation phase of evidence-based decision-making, the nurse would determine the effectiveness of the plan implemented based on the evidence gathered. This involves assessing whether the desired outcomes are achieved and if the intervention is successful. This step is crucial in determining the impact of the plan on the patient's health and well-being. The other choices are incorrect because: A is part of the implementation phase, B is more related to the appraisal phase, and D is part of the data collection phase. Thus, choice C is the most appropriate activity during the evaluation phase.
Demographic characteristics indicate that people in developed countries are living longer, healthier lives, yet tremendous health and social disparities exist. Which describes social determinants of health?
- A. What society does collectively to ensure the conditions exist in which people can be healthy
- B. Social conditions in which people live and work
- C. Context of preventing disease and disability and promoting and protecting the health of the entire community
- D. Comprehensive management of health information and its secure exchange between consumers, providers, government and quality entities, and insurers
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it accurately defines social determinants of health as what society collectively does to create conditions for health. It emphasizes the importance of societal actions in promoting health outcomes for individuals. Choice B refers to social conditions but does not explicitly mention the collective responsibility of society. Choice C focuses on community health but does not encompass the broader societal role. Choice D is about health information management, not social determinants. Choices E, F, and G are not provided, so they are irrelevant. In summary, A is correct as it highlights the societal efforts in creating a healthy environment, while the other choices are incorrect as they do not fully capture the concept of social determinants of health.
A high school graduate has decided to pursue a career in public health nursing. Which represents the minimum educational credential that this student will need to obtain entry into public health nursing practice?
- A. Associate's
- B. Baccalaureate
- C. Master's
- D. Doctorate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Baccalaureate. A baccalaureate degree in nursing is the minimum educational credential required to enter public health nursing practice. This degree provides essential knowledge and skills needed to practice nursing effectively in a public health setting. An associate's degree (choice A) may not provide the depth of education necessary for public health nursing. A master's degree (choice C) or doctorate (choice D) would be advanced degrees that are not typically required for entry-level public health nursing positions.