Nokea
Which description matches most to adenoviruses:
- A. Middle sized, naked icosahedral capsid, double-stranded DNA
- B. Small-sized, enveloped capsid, ssRNA
- C. Large, enveloped capsid, double stranded DNA
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Adenoviruses are DNA viruses, so choices B and C (ssRNA and DNA) are incorrect.
2. Adenoviruses have a middle-sized, naked icosahedral capsid, making choice A the correct description.
3. Choice D is incorrect as adenoviruses do have specific characteristics, making "None of the above" an inaccurate option.
In summary, the correct answer A is supported by the fact that adenoviruses have a middle-sized, naked icosahedral capsid and contain double-stranded DNA. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the characteristics of adenoviruses.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which of the following is responsible for causing gonorrhea?
- A. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- B. Chlamydia trachomatis
- C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- D. Treponema pallidum
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the correct answer because it is the specific bacterium responsible for causing gonorrhea. It is a sexually transmitted infection that primarily affects the genital tract. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is transmitted through sexual contact and can lead to symptoms such as painful urination, discharge, and pelvic pain.
Chlamydia trachomatis (Choice B) is another sexually transmitted bacterium, but it causes chlamydia, not gonorrhea.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Choice C) is responsible for tuberculosis, a different infectious disease that primarily affects the lungs.
Treponema pallidum (Choice D) causes syphilis, another sexually transmitted infection that presents with distinct symptoms from gonorrhea.
Therefore, Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the correct choice for causing gonorrhea due to its specific association with this particular infection.
Which of the following bacteria should be handled in a Biosafety Level 2 facility?
- A. Micrococcus luteus
- B. Bacillus subtilis
- C. Salmonella
- D. Staphylococcus epidermidis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Salmonella. This bacterium should be handled in a Biosafety Level 2 facility due to its potential to cause disease in humans. Salmonella is a pathogenic bacterium that can cause foodborne illnesses and infections. Handling it in a Biosafety Level 2 facility ensures proper containment and protection of personnel.
A: Micrococcus luteus and B: Bacillus subtilis are common environmental bacteria that do not pose significant risks to human health, so they can be safely handled in lower biosafety levels.
D: Staphylococcus epidermidis is a common skin commensal bacterium that is generally not considered highly pathogenic, so it does not require Biosafety Level 2 containment.
The cytoplasmic membrane in bacteria is composed of:
- A. Phospholipids, glycerol and glycolipids
- B. Lipopolysaccharides
- C. Lipopolysaccharides and peptidoglycan
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the cytoplasmic membrane in bacteria is primarily composed of phospholipids, glycerol, and glycolipids. Phospholipids form the basic structure of the membrane, with glycerol serving as the backbone and glycolipids present on the outer surface. Lipopolysaccharides (choice B) are primarily found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, not the cytoplasmic membrane. Choice C is incorrect because peptidoglycan is a component of the bacterial cell wall, not the cytoplasmic membrane. Choice D is incorrect as the cytoplasmic membrane in bacteria is indeed composed of phospholipids, glycerol, and glycolipids.
Which of the following bacteria are associated with foodborne illnesses?
- A. Clostridium botulinum
- B. Salmonella enterica
- C. Escherichia coli
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, "All of the above." Clostridium botulinum causes botulism, Salmonella enterica causes salmonellosis, and Escherichia coli can cause foodborne illnesses such as E. coli infection. All three bacteria are associated with foodborne illnesses due to contamination of food or water sources. Therefore, selecting "All of the above" is the most appropriate choice as it includes all the bacteria commonly linked to foodborne illnesses. The other choices (A, B, and C) are incorrect because they do not encompass all the bacteria associated with foodborne illnesses as stated above.
Which microbial group can resist acidic pH?
- A. yeast and molds
- B. bacteria
- C. E. Coli
- D. none of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: yeast and molds. Yeast and molds can resist acidic pH due to their ability to maintain a stable internal pH through various mechanisms such as ion transport and cell wall composition. Bacteria, including E. coli, are generally more sensitive to acidic conditions. Choice D is incorrect as yeast and molds are known to thrive in acidic environments.