Nokea
Which developmental level would be characterized by a child being able to focus, coordinate, and imagine a series of events?
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- A. Preoperational
- B. Concrete operational
- C. Formal operational
- D. Postoperational
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Concrete operational. At this developmental level, children typically exhibit the ability to focus, coordinate, and imagine a series of events. This stage, according to Piaget's theory, usually occurs around ages 7 to 11. Children at this stage can perform logical operations, understand conservation, and think more systematically.
A: Preoperational - Children at this stage (ages 2-7) lack the ability to perform logical operations and struggle with understanding conservation and cause-and-effect relationships.
C: Formal operational - This stage (typically starting around age 11) involves abstract thinking, hypothetical reasoning, and problem-solving beyond the concrete level.
D: Postoperational - This term is not a recognized developmental stage in Piaget's theory.
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A teen states, "I miss my dog so much, but if I start crying, I will never stop." This reflects a fear of:
- A. Losing control over her emotions
- B. Losing the support of her friends and family
- C. Embarrassing herself by crying in public
- D. Appearing emotionally immature
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the teen is expressing a fear of losing control over her emotions if she starts crying. This is evident from her belief that she will never stop crying once she starts. Option B (Losing the support of her friends and family) is incorrect as the statement does not suggest concern about losing support. Option C (Embarrassing herself by crying in public) is incorrect as the fear expressed is more about not being able to stop crying rather than embarrassment. Option D (Appearing emotionally immature) is incorrect as there is no indication that the teen is worried about how others perceive her emotional maturity.
Which statement by a patient who has given informed consent for ECT confirms that the patient understands the side effects of this treatment?
- A. “It will take several weeks before I feel good again.”
- B. "I won’t need any further treatments after completing this one session."
- C. “My short-term memory loss will be only temporary."
- D. "This treatment guarantees that my depression will never come back."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it accurately reflects the known side effect of ECT, which is temporary short-term memory loss. This statement indicates the patient comprehends the potential cognitive impact of the treatment.
A is incorrect because it does not address specific side effects of ECT. B is incorrect as it implies a misconception that only one session is needed. D is incorrect as ECT does not guarantee that depression will never return.
Which physical disturbance is commonly assessed in patients experiencing acute grief?
- A. Tightness in the chest
- B. Hypersomnia
- C. Increased appetite
- D. Cardiovascular problems
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tightness in the chest. This physical disturbance is commonly associated with acute grief due to the emotional pain experienced. It is a manifestation of the intense feelings of sadness and loss that accompany grief. Tightness in the chest can be a result of the stress response triggered by grief, leading to physical symptoms such as chest pain and difficulty breathing.
Summary:
B: Hypersomnia and C: Increased appetite are more commonly associated with conditions like depression, while D: Cardiovascular problems may be a long-term consequence of chronic stress but are not typically assessed as a primary physical disturbance in acute grief.
Which person would the nurse assess as experiencing chronic sorrow?
- A. The mother of a child diagnosed with asthma
- B. The father of an adult son who is a schizophrenic
- C. The daughter whose father experienced a hip replacement
- D. The wife whose husband has recently requested a trial separation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because chronic sorrow is a continuous feeling of grief or sadness that occurs when there is a discrepancy between the reality of a situation and the individual's expectations or hopes. In this case, the father of an adult son who is schizophrenic is likely to experience chronic sorrow due to the ongoing challenges and difficulties associated with his son's mental illness. This long-term impact on his emotional well-being aligns with the concept of chronic sorrow.
Choices A, C, and D do not necessarily imply a long-term or continuous feeling of grief. The mother of a child with asthma may experience anxiety or distress during asthma attacks, but it may not necessarily lead to chronic sorrow. The daughter whose father had a hip replacement may experience temporary worry or concern but not chronic sorrow. The wife whose husband requested a trial separation may experience sadness and distress, but it is not a situation that inherently leads to chronic sorrow.
An older adult patient was diagnosed with schizophrenia at age 18. A nurse at the outpatient medication clinic interviews this patient. Which communication strategy will be most helpful?
- A. Ask questions that can be answered with yes or no.
- B. Use silence often and let the patient take the lead.
- C. Use open-ended, indirect questions.
- D. Ask clear, simple questions using concrete language.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ask clear, simple questions using concrete language. This strategy is most helpful because older adults with schizophrenia may have cognitive impairments that affect their ability to process complex information. Clear and simple questions using concrete language can help the patient understand and respond effectively.
Choice A (Ask questions that can be answered with yes or no) limits communication and may not provide enough information for the nurse to assess the patient's condition comprehensively. Choice B (Use silence often and let the patient take the lead) may not be effective as the patient may struggle to communicate effectively due to cognitive impairments. Choice C (Use open-ended, indirect questions) may lead to confusion or misinterpretation for a patient with cognitive challenges.