Nokea
Which diagnostic procedure is commonly used to establish the diagnosis of lung cancer which provides a detailed description of the tracheobronchial tree and allows for biopsies of suspicious areas?
- A. Computerized Tomography (CT) scan
- B. Bronchoscopy
- C. Sputum cytology
- D. Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bronchoscopy. This procedure involves inserting a thin, flexible tube with a camera through the mouth or nose to examine the tracheobronchial tree. It allows direct visualization of the airways, collection of tissue samples for biopsy, and detection of abnormalities like tumors. A: CT scan provides detailed images of the lungs but does not allow for direct tissue sampling. C: Sputum cytology involves examining sputum for cancer cells but may not provide accurate results. D: PET scan is used to detect metabolic activity in tissues, including tumors, but does not provide detailed visualization of the airways or allow for biopsies.
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Nurse Merry 's application to Canada has finally been approved and she was advised to depart in three months But, she is also enrolled in the graduate school and ambivalent to go because of this engagement plus the fact that her mother has just been discharged from the hospital. Which of the following actions is BEST?
- A. Tell family that the. money spent in graduate school can be easily earned in Canada
- B. Inform the agency that she could go anytime as they wish.
- C. Tell the recruiter to give her more time to settle her personal affairs.
- D. Share to friends this is her escape from her sad life with her family.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Nurse Merry should tell the recruiter to give her more time to settle her personal affairs before departing to Canada. This is the best action because it shows responsibility and consideration for her current commitments and family situation. By requesting more time, she can prioritize her mother's recovery and complete her graduate studies, demonstrating good decision-making skills and care for her loved ones.
Option A is incorrect because it dismisses the importance of family and personal obligations. Option B is incorrect as it shows a lack of planning and responsibility. Option D is incorrect as it suggests running away from problems instead of addressing them responsibly.
At the pre-Entry phase, which of the following is the FIRST step in the CO-PAR process
- A. Survey the community
- B. Train technical working group
- C. Hold a community assembly
- D. Create a core group
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Create a core group. In the CO-PAR process, creating a core group is the first step in the pre-Entry phase as it establishes a team of committed individuals who will lead the participatory action research. This core group will provide leadership, coordination, and represent the diversity of the community. Surveying the community (choice A) comes after forming the core group to gather information. Training the technical working group (choice B) and holding a community assembly (choice C) are subsequent steps in the process after the core group is established.
Which of the following variables will he likely EXCLUDE in his study?
- A. Salary of nurses
- B. Responsiveness of staff
- C. Caring attitude of nurses
- D. Competence of nurses
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Salary of nurses. In a study, the researcher is likely to exclude salary as it is not directly related to the quality of patient care. The focus should be on factors like responsiveness, caring attitude, and competence of nurses, which directly impact patient outcomes. Including salary may introduce bias and distract from the main objective of studying patient care quality. Responsiveness, caring attitude, and competence are crucial aspects of nursing care that directly influence patient satisfaction and health outcomes. Salary, on the other hand, is an external factor that may not directly correlate with the quality of care provided.
Which of the following is the PRIMARY reason for surgical repair of myelomeningocele? To ____________.
- A. Decrease risk of infection
- B. Correct the neurologic defect
- C. Prevent seizure disorders
- D. Prevent hydrocephalus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary reason for surgical repair of myelomeningocele is to correct the neurologic defect. This is because myelomeningocele is a type of neural tube defect where the spinal cord and its protective covering do not close properly. Surgical repair aims to close the opening in the spinal cord to prevent further damage, improve neurological function, and reduce the risk of complications such as paralysis and infection. The other choices are incorrect as they are not the primary goal of the surgery. Preventing infection (Choice A) is important but not the primary reason. Seizure disorders (Choice C) and hydrocephalus (Choice D) may be associated complications but are not the main purpose of the surgical repair.
A patient presents with a palpable thyroid nodule and signs of hypothyroidism. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy reveals cystic degeneration and colloid-filled spaces. Which endocrine disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
- B. Graves' disease
- C. Diabetes mellitus
- D. Thyroid nodules
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hashimoto's thyroiditis. This autoimmune disorder results in chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland, leading to thyroid nodules and hypothyroidism. The colloid-filled spaces seen in the biopsy are characteristic of Hashimoto's.
Choice B: Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder causing hyperthyroidism, not hypothyroidism. Choice C: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder unrelated to the thyroid. Choice D: Thyroid nodules is a general term and does not explain the presence of colloid-filled spaces.