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Which diet is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer?
- A. Low protein, complex carbohydrates
- B. High protein, simple carbohydrates
- C. High fat, refined carbohydrates
- D. Low carbohydrates, complex proteins
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A diet high in fat and refined carbohydrates increases the risk of colorectal cancer due to prolonged intestinal transit time and exposure to carcinogenic metabolites.
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The nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative day 3 following a bowel resection. The client reports sudden, severe abdominal pain and distention. Which of the following actions should the nurse take FIRST?
- A. Administer pain medication as ordered.
- B. Notify the physician.
- C. Assess the client’s vital signs and abdomen.
- D. Encourage the client to ambulate.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: sudden, severe abdominal pain and distention may indicate a complication such as an anastomotic leak, requiring immediate physician notification
The nurse has orders for dopamine at 20 mcg/kg/min. The bag has 500 mg of dopamine in 500 mL. The client weighs 60 kg. What rate will the nurse set?
Correct Answer: 72 mL/hr
Rationale: Dose: 20 mcg/kg/min × 60 kg = 1200 mcg/min. Concentration: 500 mg/500 mL = 1 mg/mL = 1000 mcg/mL. Rate: 1200 mcg/min ÷ 1000 mcg/mL = 1.2 mL/min × 60 min/hr = 72 mL/hr.
The body part that would most likely display jaundice in the dark-skinned individual is the:
- A. Conjunctiva of the eye
- B. Soles of the feet
- C. Roof of the mouth
- D. Shins
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The conjunctiva of the eye is the most reliable site to assess jaundice in dark-skinned individuals, as it is less affected by skin pigmentation.
The nurse is caring for a client hospitalized with bipolar disorder, manic phase who is taking lithium. Which of the following snacks would be best for the client with mania?
- A. Potato chips
- B. Diet cola
- C. Apple
- D. Milkshake
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An apple is a healthy, low-sodium snack, suitable for a client on lithium, as high sodium foods like potato chips can affect lithium levels.
A client who has chosen to breastfeed tells the nurse that her nipples became very sore while she was breastfeeding her older child. Which measure will help her to avoid soreness of the nipples?
- A. Feeding the baby during the first 48 hours after delivery
- B. Breaking suction by placing a finger between the baby's mouth and the breast when she terminates the feeding
- C. Applying hot, moist soaks to the breast several times per day
- D. Wearing a support bra
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Breaking suction gently prevents nipple trauma, reducing the risk of soreness during breastfeeding.