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Which disease is least likely to be associated with increased potential for bleeding?
- A. metastatic liver cancer
- B. gram-negative septicemia
- C. pernicious anemia
- D. iron-deficiency anemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: pernicious anemia. Pernicious anemia is caused by vitamin B12 deficiency, leading to impaired red blood cell production but does not directly affect clotting factors. Metastatic liver cancer (A) can cause liver dysfunction and decreased production of clotting factors, increasing bleeding risk. Gram-negative septicemia (B) can lead to disseminated intravascular coagulation and excessive bleeding. Iron-deficiency anemia (D) can result in microcytic red blood cells and decreased oxygen delivery but does not directly increase bleeding potential.
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Which factors increase the risk of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)?
- A. alcohol use
- B. certain types of sexual practices
- C. oral contraception use
- D. all of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: all of the above. Alcohol use can impair judgment leading to risky sexual behaviors. Certain sexual practices like unprotected sex or having multiple partners increase STD risk. Oral contraception does not protect against STDs. Therefore, all factors (A, B, C) collectively increase the risk of STDs.
What is the most important intervention when caring for a client with suspected pneumonia?
- A. Administer IV antibiotics
- B. Administer pain medications
- C. Administer antiemetics
- D. Administer antibiotics
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer IV antibiotics. Administering IV antibiotics is crucial in treating pneumonia as it helps combat the underlying bacterial infection causing pneumonia. Prompt antibiotic therapy can prevent complications and improve patient outcomes. Administering pain medications (B) may help manage symptoms but does not address the root cause. Administering antiemetics (C) may help with nausea and vomiting but does not directly treat pneumonia. Option D is similar to the correct answer but lacks the specificity of IV antibiotics, which are often preferred for severe cases.
The nurse is assessing a teenage girl newly admitted to the pediatric unit. What efficient framework provides additional modesty?
- A. Body systems
- B. Functional
- C. Focused
- D. Head to toe
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Head to toe. The head-to-toe assessment is efficient because it follows a systematic approach starting from the head and progressing downward, ensuring that all body parts are assessed while maintaining the patient's modesty. This approach allows the nurse to gather comprehensive data without compromising the patient's privacy.
A: Body systems - While assessing by body systems is important, it may not provide the same level of modesty as the head-to-toe approach.
B: Functional - Assessing by function focuses on specific body functions rather than a comprehensive assessment of all body systems. It may not address all aspects of the patient's health.
C: Focused - A focused assessment targets specific health issues and may not cover all body systems comprehensively, potentially missing important findings.
Which factor is most likely to impact the body image of an infant newly diagnosed with Hemophilia?
- A. immobility
- B. altered growth and development
- C. hemarthrosis
- D. altered family processes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Altered family processes impact an infant's body image due to the emotional response and support provided by family members.
2. Positive family dynamics can help the infant cope with the diagnosis and build self-esteem.
3. Conversely, negative family processes may lead to feelings of inadequacy and affect body image.
4. Immobility, altered growth, and hemarthrosis are physical factors but do not directly influence body image.
Summary:
Altered family processes have the most significant impact on an infant's body image as they shape emotional support and self-perception. Immobility, altered growth, and hemarthrosis are important considerations but are not as directly related to body image in this context.
What is the best intervention for a client who is vomiting after surgery?
- A. Administer antiemetics
- B. Place the client in a supine position
- C. Encourage deep breathing
- D. Administer morphine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Administer morphine. The rationale is that vomiting after surgery can be a side effect of pain medication such as morphine. By administering morphine, the pain is reduced, which can help alleviate the vomiting. This intervention targets the root cause of the vomiting.
Other choices are incorrect because:
A: Administering antiemetics may help with nausea but does not address the underlying cause of vomiting.
B: Placing the client in a supine position may worsen vomiting due to increased abdominal pressure.
C: Encouraging deep breathing may help with relaxation but does not directly address the vomiting caused by pain.