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Which disorder is often difficult to detect and consequently often goes untreated?
- A. Pica.
- B. Bulimia.
- C. Obesity.
- D. Anorexia nervosa.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bulimia. Bulimia is often difficult to detect as individuals may engage in secretive binge eating and purging behaviors. Unlike anorexia nervosa where visible weight loss may be noticeable, individuals with bulimia may maintain a normal weight, making it harder to identify. Bulimia also tends to be associated with feelings of shame and guilt, leading individuals to hide their behaviors. Pica (A) involves eating non-food items and can be more easily observed. Obesity (C) is often noticeable due to visible weight gain. Anorexia nervosa (D) is also easier to detect as individuals may exhibit extreme weight loss and visible physical symptoms.
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During an initial patient interview, the psychiatric-mental health nurse begins by asking the patient to describe their:
- A. current situation
- B. feelings about the current situation
- C. personal history
- D. thoughts about the current situation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Starting with the current situation provides a concrete entry point to assess the patient's immediate needs and context.
An 18-year-old referred to the mental health center often cooks gourmet meals but eats only tiny portions. The patient wears layers of loose clothing saying, "I like the style."Â The patient's weight dropped from 130 to 95 pounds. She has amenorrhea. Which diagnosis is most likely?
- A. Eating disorder not otherwise specified
- B. Anorexia nervosa
- C. Bulimia nervosa
- D. Binge eating
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Anorexia nervosa. This diagnosis fits the patient's symptoms of restrictive eating, significant weight loss, amenorrhea, and denial of the severity of the situation. The patient's behavior of cooking gourmet meals but eating tiny portions and wearing layers of clothes to hide weight loss are classic signs of anorexia nervosa. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Eating disorder not otherwise specified does not fully capture the severity and specific symptoms exhibited by the patient.
C: Bulimia nervosa involves binge-eating followed by compensatory behaviors, which are not described in the scenario.
D: Binge eating disorder involves recurrent episodes of binge eating without compensatory behaviors, which is not indicated.
Which of the following medical conditions can produce a mild neurocognitive disorder and mild impairments in social/occupational functioning?
- A. Parkinson's disease
- B. Huntington's disease
- C. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
- D. HIV
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: HIV can cause mild neurocognitive disorder via brain inflammation, affecting daily functioning.
A nurse is working with a patient with anorexia nervosa. What is the priority assessment for this patient?
- A. Height and weight changes.
- B. Food intake and nutritional status.
- C. Mental health status and body image concerns.
- D. Vital signs and cardiovascular function.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Height and weight changes. In anorexia nervosa, monitoring height and weight is crucial to assess the severity of malnutrition and potential complications. Weight loss is a key indicator of the patient's nutritional status and overall health decline. Height measurement also helps determine growth patterns in younger patients.
Choice B: Food intake and nutritional status, although important, is not the priority as weight changes provide a more direct reflection of the patient's nutritional status.
Choice C: Mental health status and body image concerns are significant in anorexia nervosa, but assessing height and weight takes precedence due to the immediate physical risks associated with severe malnutrition.
Choice D: Vital signs and cardiovascular function are important, but monitoring height and weight is more specific to the nutritional deficiencies seen in anorexia nervosa.
A history reveals that a patient virtually stopped eating 5 months ago and lost 25% of body weight. The nurse says, "Describe what you think about your present weight and how you look." Which response would be most consistent with anorexia nervosa?
- A. I'm fat and ugly.
- B. What I think about myself is my business.
- C. I'm grossly underweight, but I cover it well.
- D. I'm a few pounds overweight, but I can live with it.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
1. The patient's history of significant weight loss and refusal to eat align with symptoms of anorexia nervosa.
2. Choice A reflects negative body image common in anorexia nervosa, as patients often perceive themselves as overweight and unattractive.
3. Choices B, C, and D do not acknowledge the patient's actual physical condition or the psychological aspect of anorexia nervosa.
4. Choice B avoids the question and lacks insight into the patient's distorted body image.
5. Choice C acknowledges being underweight but does not address the negative self-perception associated with anorexia nervosa.
6. Choice D acknowledges being overweight, which contradicts the patient's actual weight loss history and is inconsistent with anorexia nervosa's symptoms.