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Which document is the best professional source to provide direction for a nurse when addressing ethical issues and behavior?
- A. The Hippocratic Oath.
- B. The Nuremberg Code.
- C. Home Health Care Bill of Rights.
- D. ANA Code of Ethics.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The ANA Code of Ethics guides nurses on ethical behavior and decision-making, specific to nursing practice. Other documents are less relevant or outdated.
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The mother of a 20-year-old African American male client receiving dialysis asks the nurse, 'My son has been on the transplant list longer than that white woman. Why did she get the kidney?' Which statement is the nurse's best response?
- A. The woman was famous, and so more people will donate organs now.
- B. I understand you are upset your son is ill. Would you like to talk?
- C. No one knows who gets an organ. You just have to wait and pray.
- D. The tissues must match or the body will reject the kidney and it will be wasted.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tissue matching (HLA compatibility) determines transplant priority, preventing rejection, per UNOS guidelines. Fame, empathy, or fatalism are inappropriate responses.
Which entity mandates the registered nurse's behavior when practicing professional nursing?
- A. The state's Nurse Practice Act.
- B. Client's Bill of Rights.
- C. The United States legislature.
- D. American Nurses Association.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The state’s Nurse Practice Act defines legal scope and behavior for nurses, enforceable by law. Other entities provide guidelines, not mandates.
Which client would the nurse exclude from being a potential organ/tissue donor?
- A. The 60-year-old female client with an inoperable primary brain tumor.
- B. The 45-year-old female client with a subarachnoid hemorrhage.
- C. The 22-year-old male client who has been in a motor-vehicle accident.
- D. The 36-year-male client recently released from prison.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Primary brain tumors contraindicate organ donation due to malignancy risk, per UNOS guidelines. Hemorrhage, trauma, or prison status do not exclude donation.
The nurse is caring for the client who has active tuberculosis of the lungs. The client does not have a DNR order. The client experiences a cardiac arrest, and there is no resuscitation mask at the bedside. The nurse waits for the crash cart before beginning resuscitation. According to the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses, which disciplinary action should be taken against the nurse?
- A. Report the action to the State Board of Nurse Examiners.
- B. The nurse should be terminated for failure to perform duties.
- C. No disciplinary action should be taken against the nurse.
- D. Refer the nurse to the American Nurses Association.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Waiting for a mask during TB resuscitation prioritizes nurse safety, aligning with ANA Code ethics (self-protection). Reporting, termination, or ANA referral is unwarranted.
The client tells the nurse, 'Every time I come in the hospital you hand me one of these advance directives (AD). Why should I fill one of these out?' Which statement by the nurse is most appropriate?
- A. You must fill out this form because Medicare laws require it.
- B. An AD lets you participate in decisions about your health care.
- C. This paper will ensure no one can override your decisions.
- D. It is part of the hospital admission packet and I have to give it to you.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Advance directives allow clients to specify their health care preferences, ensuring participation in decisions, per the Patient Self-Determination Act. Medicare requires offering, not completing, ADs; no document guarantees non-override; and packet inclusion is procedural, not the reason.