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Which effect is a factor of normal aging on the nervous system?
- A. Small vessel occlusion
- B. Loss of neurons
- C. Calcification of cerebrum
- D. Reduction of cerebral blood flow
- E. Lipofuscin
- F. Decrease in oxygen use
Correct Answer: B,D,E,F
Rationale: As the person ages, normal age-related changes occur such as loss of neurons, reduction of cerebral blood flow, appearance of lipofuscin, a decrease in oxygen use and brain metabolism, and a decline in velocity of nerve impulses.
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A patient who has experienced a stroke has expressive aphasia. Which abnormal manner of communication does the patient display?
- A. Has difficulty comprehending spoken and written communication.
- B. Cannot make any vocal sounds
- C. Has total loss and understanding of language.
- D. Can understand the spoken word, but cannot speak.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The patient with expressive aphasia has difficulty articulating words but can understand the written and spoken word.
A family member of a patient who has just experienced a tonic-clonic seizure is concerned about the patient's deep sleep. What is this behavior called?
- A. Convalescent period
- B. Neural recovery period
- C. Sombulant period
- D. Postictal period
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Seizures are followed by a rest period of variable length, called a postictal period.
A patient is to have a myelogram to confirm the presence of a herniated intervertebral disk. Which nursing action will be planned with respect to this diagnostic test?
- A. Obtain an allergy history before the test.
- B. Ambulate the patient when returned to the room after the test.
- C. Use heated blanket to keep patient warm after procedure.
- D. Keep NPO for 6 to 8 hours after the test.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Before the dye is injected, patients must be asked whether they have any allergies, specifically whether they have had any anaphylactic or hypotensive episodes from other dyes.
The nurse explains to a patient and family that the triad of signs of Parkinson disease is: ___, rigidity, and bradykinesia.
Correct Answer: tremor
Rationale: Tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia are the triad that make up the signs of Parkinson disease.
Which symptom is specific to migraine headaches?
- A. Tachycardia
- B. They become worse in the evening
- C. They involve the entire head
- D. They are preceded by an aura
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Migraine headaches are unusual in that signs and symptoms occur before the acute attack.