Nokea
Which element is used in fertilizers due to its role in plant cell division and growth?
- A. Potassium
- B. Phosphorus
- C. Calcium
- D. Magnesium
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Phosphorus is the correct answer. It is used in fertilizers due to its essential role in plant cell division and growth. Phosphorus is a key component of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, which are essential for cell division and growth in plants. Potassium (Choice A) is important for overall plant health and functions like enzyme activation, but it is not specifically known for its role in cell division and growth. Calcium (Choice C) is crucial for cell wall structure and stability but not primarily for cell division. Magnesium (Choice D) is essential for chlorophyll production and photosynthesis, but it is not directly linked to plant cell division and growth.
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Which property of matter refers to the amount of space occupied by an object?
- A. Mass
- B. Volume
- C. Weight
- D. Density
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Volume refers to the amount of space occupied by an object. It is a measure of the three-dimensional space that an object occupies. Mass, on the other hand, refers to the amount of matter in an object, weight is the force of gravity acting on an object, and density is the mass of an object per unit volume. In this context, volume is the most appropriate choice as it directly relates to the amount of space an object occupies.
What is the law that states energy can neither be created nor destroyed?
- A. Law of Conservation of Matter
- B. Law of Conservation of Energy
- C. Law of Universal Gravitation
- D. Law of Inertia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is the Law of Conservation of Energy. This law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. The Law of Conservation of Matter (Choice A) is related to mass and the preservation of mass in a closed system, not energy. The Law of Universal Gravitation (Choice C) describes the force of attraction between objects with mass. The Law of Inertia (Choice D) states that an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force.
What is a reaction between an acid and a base known as?
- A. Precipitation
- B. Neutralization
- C. Oxidation-reduction
- D. Photolysis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Neutralization. When an acid and a base react, they neutralize each other's properties, resulting in the formation of water and a salt. Choice A, 'Precipitation,' refers to the formation of a solid from a solution during a chemical reaction. Choice C, 'Oxidation-reduction,' involves the transfer of electrons between reactants. Choice D, 'Photolysis,' is a reaction where a compound is broken down into smaller components by light energy. Therefore, the most appropriate term for a reaction between an acid and a base is neutralization.
What type of molecule forms the cell membrane and controls what enters and exits the cell?
- A. Proteins
- B. Carbohydrates
- C. Lipids
- D. Nucleic acids
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The cell membrane is primarily composed of lipids, specifically phospholipids, which form a lipid bilayer. This lipid bilayer controls what enters and exits the cell, providing a barrier that is selectively permeable. While proteins are also important components of the cell membrane and play various roles, lipids are the main structural component responsible for the membrane's permeability and function. Carbohydrates and nucleic acids are not the primary components of the cell membrane and do not have the same structural role as lipids.
What is the term for an organism with two different alleles for a gene?
- A. Homozygous
- B. Heterozygous
- C. Dominant
- D. Recessive
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Homozygous refers to an organism with two identical alleles for a gene, either both dominant or both recessive. Heterozygous, the correct answer, refers to an organism with two different alleles for a gene, one dominant and one recessive. Dominant and recessive describe the relationship between alleles, where dominant alleles are expressed over recessive alleles in heterozygous individuals. Therefore, the term for an organism with two different alleles for a gene is 'heterozygous.'