Nokea
Which element is used in insulin and promotes glucose uptake into cells for energy production?
- A. Zinc
- B. Chromium
- C. Manganese
- D. Iron
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chromium is the correct answer. Chromium is the element used in insulin that aids in its function by enhancing glucose uptake into cells and regulating blood sugar levels. It plays a crucial role in the body's energy production processes by facilitating the action of insulin. Zinc (Choice A), although important for various physiological functions, is not the element used in insulin. Manganese (Choice C) is necessary for enzyme activation but is not directly involved in insulin's function. Iron (Choice D) is essential for oxygen transport but is not the element used in insulin for promoting glucose uptake into cells.
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How can bacteria acquire new genetic material from their environment?
- A. Transformation
- B. Transduction
- C. Conjugation
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A) Transformation: Transformation is the process by which bacteria can take up free DNA from their environment and incorporate it into their own genome, leading to the acquisition of new genetic material and traits.
B) Transduction: Transduction involves the transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another by a bacteriophage, a virus that infects bacteria. The bacteriophage carries bacterial DNA from one host cell to another, facilitating the transfer of genetic material.
C) Conjugation: Conjugation is a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria where genetic material is transferred between two bacterial cells in direct contact. This transfer is facilitated by a conjugative plasmid carrying the genetic information.
Therefore, all the processes mentioned (transformation, transduction, and conjugation) are ways in which bacteria can acquire new genetic material from their environment.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the nervous system?
- A. Detecting touch
- B. Regulating body temperature
- C. Producing insulin
- D. Controlling muscle movement
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nervous system is responsible for detecting touch (option A), regulating body temperature (option B), and controlling muscle movement (option D). Producing insulin (option C) is a function of the endocrine system, which produces hormones like insulin to regulate metabolism and glucose levels. Therefore, option C is the correct answer as it is not a function of the nervous system.
What do hair follicles house in the skin?
- A. Blood vessels (Blood vessels are not housed within hair follicles)
- B. Nerve endings (Nerve endings are present but not housed within hair follicles)
- C. Hair shafts and hair roots
- D. Sebaceous glands (These glands are often attached to hair follicles)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hair follicles are structures in the skin that contain the hair shaft (the visible part of the hair) and the hair root (the part of the hair beneath the skin). The hair shaft is the portion of the hair that is visible above the skin, while the hair root is the part that extends below the surface into the follicle. Therefore, the correct answer is that hair follicles house the hair shafts and hair roots. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because blood vessels are not housed within hair follicles, nerve endings are present but not housed within hair follicles, and sebaceous glands are often attached to hair follicles but not housed within them.
Which type of bond involves the complete transfer of electrons between atoms?
- A. Covalent bond
- B. Ionic bond
- C. Metallic bond
- D. Hydrogen bond
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Ionic bond. Ionic bond involves the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of cations and anions. This transfer leads to the creation of strong electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged ions. Covalent bonds, on the other hand, involve the sharing of electrons between atoms to achieve stability. Metallic bonds are formed in metals, where a sea of delocalized electrons surrounds positively charged metal ions, contributing to the metal's properties. Hydrogen bonds are intermolecular forces that occur between a hydrogen atom and a highly electronegative atom like oxygen or nitrogen, not involving the complete transfer of electrons.
The transfer of energy through feeding relationships in an ecosystem is called a:
- A. Food Chain
- B. Food Web
- C. Habitat
- D. Biome
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A food chain is a linear sequence of organisms where each organism consumes the one below it and is consumed by the one above it. This transfer of energy through feeding relationships is a fundamental concept in ecology to understand how energy flows through an ecosystem. In a food chain, energy is transferred from producers (plants) to primary consumers (herbivores), then to secondary consumers (carnivores), and so on. Each step in the food chain represents a trophic level, and energy is lost as heat at each level, resulting in a pyramid-shaped energy flow. Food webs, on the other hand, represent a more complex network of interconnected food chains within an ecosystem. Habitats refer to the specific environments where organisms live, and biomes are large geographical areas characterized by specific climates and vegetation types. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Food Chain' as it specifically describes the linear transfer of energy through feeding relationships in an ecosystem.