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Which element's neutral atom has 2 electrons in the first shell and 6 electrons in the second shell of the electron cloud?
- A. Beryllium
- B. Carbon
- C. Helium
- D. Oxygen
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is Oxygen. Oxygen has a total of 8 electrons, with 2 in the first shell and 6 in the second shell. This configuration matches the description provided in the question. Choice A, Beryllium, has 2 electrons in total, so it cannot have 2 in the first shell and 6 in the second. Choice B, Carbon, has 6 electrons in total, so it also does not match the given electron distribution. Choice C, Helium, has only 2 electrons in total and therefore does not fit the electron configuration described in the question.
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Which is the correct order of formed elements in blood from smallest to largest cell size?
- A. Erythrocytes, thrombocytes, and leukocytes
- B. Thrombocytes, leukocytes, and erythrocytes
- C. Thrombocytes, erythrocytes, and leukocytes
- D. Leukocytes, erythrocytes, and thrombocytes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct order of formed elements in blood from smallest to largest cell size is thrombocytes (platelets), erythrocytes (red blood cells), and leukocytes (white blood cells), making choice C the correct answer. Thrombocytes are the smallest, followed by erythrocytes, and then leukocytes. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not follow the correct order of cell size in blood formed elements.
Which of the following hormones would cause skin color to become darker?
- A. Follicle-stimulating
- B. Growth-stimulating
- C. Thyroid-stimulating
- D. Melanocyte-stimulating
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Melanocyte-stimulating. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) stimulates melanocytes in the skin to produce more melanin, leading to darker skin pigmentation. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates follicle growth in the reproductive system, Growth-stimulating hormone is a vague term not specific to any known hormone, and Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones, not affecting skin color pigmentation.
In which position allows access to the stomach?
- A. Medial
- B. Prone
- C. Superficial
- D. Supine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The question now specifies the need for a position that allows access to the stomach. The correct answer is 'B: Prone.' In the prone position, the patient lies face down, which facilitates access to the stomach for various procedures or examinations. Choice A, 'Medial,' refers to a direction rather than a patient position. Choice C, 'Superficial,' describes a superficial depth rather than a patient position. Choice D, 'Supine,' is a position where the patient lies face up, which does not provide easy access to the stomach.
Where is the cervix located?
- A. Top of the uterus
- B. Top of the ovaries
- C. Bottom of the vagina
- D. Bottom of the uterus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The cervix is located at the bottom of the uterus, where it opens into the vagina. It serves as the passageway between the uterus and the vagina, playing a crucial role in childbirth and menstrual flow. Choice A ('Top of the uterus') is incorrect because the cervix is not located at the top of the uterus. Choice B ('Top of the ovaries') is incorrect as the cervix is not located near the ovaries. Choice C ('Bottom of the vagina') is incorrect as the cervix is not located at the bottom of the vagina, but rather at the bottom of the uterus.
In a study evaluating which type of road salt deices a road most quickly, what is the independent variable?
- A. Deicing time period
- B. Road used for deicing
- C. Type of road salt used
- D. Amount of road salt used
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'Type of road salt used.' In an experiment, the independent variable is the one manipulated by the researcher to observe its impact on the dependent variable. In this study, the researchers are altering the type of road salt used to determine its influence on the deicing speed, thus making it the independent variable. The other choices are not the independent variable as they are not deliberately manipulated in the experiment: A - 'Deicing time period' is an outcome measure dependent on the type of salt used; B - 'Road used for deicing' is not controlled or manipulated; D - 'Amount of road salt used' would be a potential confounding variable rather than the independent variable as it could affect the outcome along with the type of salt.