Nokea
Which factor does not influence bilirubin levels in the infant?
- A. Prematurity
- B. Maternal diabetes
- C. Exclusively breastfeeding
- D. Birth trauma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Birth trauma. Birth trauma does not directly influence bilirubin levels in infants. Prematurity can lead to immature liver function affecting bilirubin metabolism. Maternal diabetes can lead to increased risk of neonatal jaundice. Exclusively breastfeeding can lead to breastfeeding jaundice due to inadequate milk intake. Therefore, birth trauma is the only option that does not directly impact bilirubin levels in infants.
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Which characteristics are typically found in a patient diagnosed with Down syndrome? Select all that apply.
- A. Low-set ears
- B. Broad nasal bridge
- C. Round occiput
- D. Small tongue
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Round occiput. In Down syndrome, individuals often exhibit a round-shaped head at the back (occiput) due to the abnormal growth patterns of the skull bones. This characteristic is a common physical feature seen in individuals with Down syndrome.
A: Low-set ears - While low-set ears can be a feature in some cases of Down syndrome, it is not a defining characteristic and not always present.
B: Broad nasal bridge - Broad nasal bridge is a common feature in Down syndrome, but it is not specific enough to be a defining characteristic.
D: Small tongue - While individuals with Down syndrome may have slightly smaller tongues compared to the general population, it is not a prominent characteristic and not typically used for diagnosis.
Which laboratory value is important to check on a newborn with excessive bruising following delivery?
- A. White blood cells
- B. Glucose
- C. Bilirubin
- D. Potassium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Bilirubin. Excessive bruising in a newborn can indicate hemolysis, leading to elevated bilirubin levels and potential jaundice. Checking bilirubin levels is crucial to monitor for hyperbilirubinemia, which can lead to complications like kernicterus. White blood cells (A) are not typically associated with bruising. Glucose (B) levels are important in monitoring for hypoglycemia, not bruising. Potassium (D) levels are not directly related to bruising in a newborn.
The postnatal nurse is providing care for a neonate being treated with phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia. For which side effects of phototherapy will the nurse contact the neonatal care provider? Select all that apply.
- A. Hyperthermia
- B. Lethargy
- C. Hypocalcemia
- D. Thrombocytopenia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hyperthermia. During phototherapy, neonates are at risk for developing hyperthermia due to the heat generated by the lights. The nurse should contact the provider if the neonate shows signs of hyperthermia to prevent complications.
B: Lethargy is not a direct side effect of phototherapy but can be a result of other factors such as inadequate feeding or underlying medical conditions.
C: Hypocalcemia is not a common side effect of phototherapy. It is more often associated with other conditions or treatments.
D: Thrombocytopenia is not a typical side effect of phototherapy. It refers to low platelet levels and is usually not directly related to phototherapy treatment.
Which is the most common etiology for pathological jaundice in an infant?
- A. ABO incompatibility
- B. Physiological
- C. Inherited pathology
- D. Birth trauma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: ABO incompatibility. This is the most common etiology for pathological jaundice in an infant because it occurs when the baby's blood type is incompatible with the mother's, leading to the destruction of the baby's red blood cells and subsequent release of bilirubin, causing jaundice. Physiological jaundice (B) is common but typically resolves on its own without treatment. Inherited pathologies (C) such as genetic conditions may cause jaundice, but they are less common than ABO incompatibility. Birth trauma (D) can lead to jaundice in rare cases, but it is not the most common etiology.
In caring for the preterm infant, which complication is thought to be a result of high arterial blood oxygen level?
- A. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)
- B. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)
- C. Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)
- D. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). High arterial blood oxygen levels can lead to IVH in preterm infants due to increased cerebral blood flow and disruption of immature blood vessels in the brain. This can cause bleeding into the brain's ventricles. NEC (A) is more associated with feeding issues, ROP (B) with high oxygen levels, and BPD (D) with prolonged use of mechanical ventilation.