Nokea
Which factors increase the risk of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)?
- A. alcohol use
- B. certain types of sexual practices
- C. oral contraception use
- D. all of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: all of the above. Alcohol use can impair judgment leading to risky sexual behaviors. Certain sexual practices like unprotected sex or having multiple partners increase STD risk. Oral contraception does not protect against STDs. Therefore, all factors (A, B, C) collectively increase the risk of STDs.
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Which condition is characterized by writhing, twisting movements of the face and limbs?
- A. epilepsy
- B. Parkinson's
- C. muscular sclerosis
- D. Huntington's chorea
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Huntington's chorea. Huntington's chorea is a genetic disorder characterized by involuntary, writhing, and twisting movements of the face and limbs, known as chorea. This is due to degeneration of certain brain cells. Epilepsy (A) involves seizures, not specific movements. Parkinson's (B) is characterized by tremors and rigidity, not chorea. Multiple sclerosis (C) affects the central nervous system, causing a variety of symptoms, but not typically chorea.
A nurse is caring for a patient who is post-operative following a hip replacement. The nurse should prioritize which of the following to prevent complications?
- A. Administering pain medication regularly.
- B. Encouraging deep breathing exercises.
- C. Monitoring for signs of infection.
- D. Encouraging early ambulation.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Encouraging early ambulation. Early ambulation helps prevent complications such as blood clots, pneumonia, and muscle weakness. It improves circulation, lung function, and overall recovery. Administering pain medication regularly (A) is important but not the top priority. Deep breathing exercises (B) are beneficial but not as crucial as early ambulation post-hip replacement. Monitoring for signs of infection (C) is essential but not the top priority for preventing complications in this case.
What is the most appropriate intervention for a client with a history of seizures?
- A. Administer antiepileptics
- B. Monitor vital signs
- C. Apply oxygen therapy
- D. Monitor ECG
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer antiepileptics. This is the most appropriate intervention for a client with a history of seizures as antiepileptic medications help prevent or reduce the frequency of seizures. Monitoring vital signs (B) is important but does not directly address the underlying issue of seizures. Oxygen therapy (C) may be needed during a seizure but does not prevent future episodes. Monitoring ECG (D) may provide information on cardiac function but is not the primary intervention for seizures. Administering antiepileptics is essential for seizure management.
What should be the nurse's first priority for a client with an open wound?
- A. Clean and dress the wound
- B. Administer pain relief
- C. Administer anticoagulants
- D. Monitor blood pressure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Administer pain relief. The first priority for a client with an open wound is to manage their pain to ensure their comfort and well-being. Pain relief helps the client relax, reduces stress, and promotes healing. Cleaning and dressing the wound, administering anticoagulants, and monitoring blood pressure are important tasks but are secondary to addressing the client's immediate pain and discomfort. Pain relief should be the initial focus to ensure the client's overall care and recovery.
What is the most important intervention for a client with acute myocardial infarction (MI)?
- A. Administer aspirin
- B. Administer oxygen
- C. Administer morphine
- D. Administer nitroglycerin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer aspirin. Aspirin is crucial for a client with acute MI as it helps prevent further blood clot formation by inhibiting platelet aggregation, reducing chances of additional cardiac events. Oxygen (B) is not routinely recommended unless hypoxemia is present. Morphine (C) can mask symptoms and delay treatment. Nitroglycerin (D) is used to relieve chest pain but may not be the most important intervention in acute MI. Administering aspirin promptly is vital to improve outcomes and reduce mortality in acute MI cases.