Nokea
Which factors may increase a patient's risk of developing cancer of the pancreas?
- A. Diet high in carbohydrates and dairy products
- B. Cardiovascular disease and glaucoma
- C. Tea and cola consumption
- D. Cigarette smoking and having diabetes mellitus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The cause of cancer of the pancreas is unknown, but it is diagnosed more often in cigarette smokers, people exposed to chemical carcinogens, and people with diabetes mellitus and pancreatitis.
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The nurse is aware that an elevated serum amylase is diagnostic of pancreatitis at an early stage as an elevation can be assessed as early as how many hours after the onset of pancreatic disease?
- A. 2 hours
- B. 8 hours
- C. 24 hours
- D. 36 hours
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An increase in the serum amylase can be detected as early as 2 hours after the onset of pancreatic disease. In simple acute pancreatitis, the level returns to normal in about 36 hours. In chronic disease, it remains elevated.
Which is an essential nursing measure to prevent injury to the patient who is to receive a paracentesis?
- A. Have patient sign a permit.
- B. Pad side rails.
- C. Check for allergy to contrast media or to shellfish.
- D. Have patient void immediately before procedure.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: To prevent the puncturing of the bladder, the patient must void immediately before the procedure. A permit is required but it is not a safety precaution for the patient. There is no contrast media used in a paracentesis.
A occurs when the body encapsulates the autodigestive debris in the pancreatic tissue, frequently becoming an abscess.
Correct Answer: pseudocyst
Rationale: A pseudocyst occurs when the body encapsulates the autodigestive debris in the pancreatic tissue.
The patient with cirrhosis has a rising ammonia level and is becoming disoriented. The patient's hands flap when the patient stretches out the arm. How will the nurse interpret this?
- A. As an attempt to get the nurse's attention
- B. As asterixis
- C. As an indication of respiratory obstruction from varices
- D. As spasticity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Asterixis is the 'flapping tremor' seen as the patient deteriorates into ammonia intoxication or hepatic encephalopathy.
Which is the most appropriate method used by high-risk health workers to prevent hepatitis B?
- A. Hepatitis B vaccine
- B. Diligent hand washing
- C. Wearing protective gear
- D. Hb immune globulin injections
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best preventive measure against the contraction of hepatitis B is HBV vaccine.