Nokea
Which family theory explains how families react to stressful events and suggests factors that promote adaptation to these events?
- A. Interactional theory
- B. Family stress theory
- C. Eriksons psychosocial theory
- D. Developmental systems theory
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Family stress theory explains the reaction of families to stressful events. In addition, the theory helps suggest factors that promote adaptation to the stress. Stressors, both positive and negative, are cumulative and affect the family. Adaptation requires a change in family structure or interaction. Interactional theory is not a family theory. Interactions are the basis of general systems theory. Eriksons theory applies to individual growth and development, not families. Developmental systems theory is an outgrowth of Duvalls theory. The family is described as a small group, a semiclosed system of personalities that interact with the larger cultural system. Changes do not occur in one part of the family without changes in others.
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Which type of family should the nurse recognize when the paternal grandmother, the parents, and two minor children live together?
- A. Blended
- B. Nuclear
- C. Extended
- D. Binuclear
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An extended family contains at least one parent, one or more children, and one or more members (related or unrelated) other than a parent or sibling. A blended family contains at least one stepparent, stepsibling, or half-sibling. A nuclear family consists of two parents and their children. No other relatives or nonrelatives are present in the household. In binuclear families, parents continue the parenting role while terminating the spousal unit. For example, when joint custody is assigned by the court, each parent has equal rights and responsibilities for the minor child or children.
After the family, which has the greatest influence on providing continuity between generations?
- A. Race
- B. School
- C. Social class
- D. Government
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Schools convey a tremendous amount of culture from the older members to the younger members of society. They prepare children to carry out the traditional social roles that will be expected of them as adults. Race is defined as a division of humankind possessing traits that are transmissible by descent and are sufficient to characterize race as a distinct human type; although race may have an influence on childrearing practices, its role is not as significant as that of schools. Social class refers to the familys economic and educational levels. The social class of a family may change between generations. The government establishes parameters for children, including amount of schooling, but this is usually at a local level. The school culture has the most significant influence on continuity besides family.
How is family systems theory best described?
- A. The family is viewed as the sum of individual members.
- B. A change in one family member cannot create a change in other members.
- C. Individual family members are readily identified as the source of a problem.
- D. When the family system is disrupted, change can occur at any point in the system.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Family systems theory describes an interactional model. Any change in one member will create change in others. Although the family is the sum of the individual members, family systems theory focuses on the number of dyad interactions that can occur. The interactions, not the individual members, are considered to be the problem.
Which is an accurate description of homosexual (or gay-lesbian) families?
- A. A nurturing environment is lacking.
- B. The children become homosexual like their parents.
- C. The stability needed to raise healthy children is lacking.
- D. The quality of parenting is equivalent to that of nongay parents.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Although gay or lesbian families may be different from heterosexual families, the environment can be as healthy as any other. Lacking a nurturing environment and stability is reflective on the parents and family, not the type of family. There is little evidence to support that children become homosexual like their parents.
The nurse is planning care for a patient with a different ethnic background. Which should be an appropriate goal?
- A. Adapt, as necessary, ethnic practices to health needs.
- B. Attempt, in a nonjudgmental way, to change ethnic beliefs.
- C. Encourage continuation of ethnic practices in the hospital setting.
- D. Strive to keep ethnic background from influencing health needs.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Whenever possible, nurses should facilitate the integration of ethnic practices into health care provision. The ethnic background is part of the individual; it should be difficult to eliminate the influence of ethnic background. The ethnic practices need to be evaluated within the context of the health care setting to determine whether they are conflicting.