Which fetal structures are well-formed by the end of the first trimester? Select all that apply.
- A. Genitals
- B. Heart
- C. Fingers
- D. Kidneys
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: By the end of the first trimester, genitals, heart, fingers, and kidneys are well-formed, but alveoli develop later in gestation.
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What assessment data are collected to assess progress during the second stage of labor?
- A. fetal heart rate
- B. fetal descent
- C. bearing-down effort
- D. contraction strength
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: fetal descent. During the second stage of labor, assessing fetal descent is crucial to monitor progress. This data helps determine if the baby is moving down the birth canal appropriately. Fetal descent indicates the effectiveness of contractions and pushing efforts. It is a key indicator of labor progression.
Rationale:
- A: Fetal heart rate is important but primarily assesses fetal well-being, not progress during the second stage of labor.
- C: Bearing-down effort is relevant for pushing but does not directly measure progress in terms of fetal descent.
- D: Contraction strength is essential but does not specifically indicate the progress of the baby's descent in the birth canal during the second stage of labor.
A nurse midwife has advised a 39-week gestation gravid to take evening primrose oil 2,500 mg daily as a complementary therapy. This suggestion was made because evening primrose has been shown to perform which of the following actions?
- A. Relieve back strain.
- B. Improve development of colostrum.
- C. Ripen the cervix.
- D. Reduce the incidence of hemorrhoids.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Evening primrose oil is believed to help ripen the cervix in preparation for labor. It is not typically used to relieve back strain, improve colostrum development, or reduce hemorrhoids.
Which food is the best source of iron?
- A. Raisins
- B. Hamburger
- C. Broccoli
- D. Molasses
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hamburger is rich in heme iron, which is more easily absorbed by the body compared to non-heme sources like raisins or molasses.
The nurse is caring for a pregnant patient at 34 weeks gestation who is experiencing leg cramps. What is the most appropriate recommendation for the nurse to make?
- A. Increase calcium and vitamin D intake to prevent cramps.
- B. Encourage the patient to perform leg stretches and elevate the legs.
- C. Administer pain medications and apply ice to the affected areas.
- D. Recommend frequent walking to strengthen leg muscles.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Encourage the patient to perform leg stretches and elevate the legs. Leg cramps are common in pregnancy due to increased pressure on nerves and blood vessels. Leg stretches help relieve muscle tension, and elevating the legs promotes circulation. Increasing calcium and vitamin D may be helpful but not the primary intervention. Administering pain medications and applying ice may provide temporary relief but do not address the underlying cause. Frequent walking can help strengthen leg muscles but may exacerbate cramps if done excessively.
A 32-week pregnant woman is admitted to the labor and delivery unit with contractions every 5 minutes. What is the most appropriate intervention?
- A. Administer magnesium sulfate to stop the contractions
- B. Start an IV and monitor the fetal heart rate
- C. Perform a cesarean section immediately
- D. Encourage the patient to push to deliver the baby
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Start an IV and monitor the fetal heart rate. This is the most appropriate intervention as it allows for assessment of fetal well-being and maternal status. IV access is crucial for potential interventions like administering medications or fluids. Monitoring fetal heart rate helps determine fetal distress. Administering magnesium sulfate (choice A) should be considered for preterm labor, not routine contractions. Performing a cesarean section immediately (choice C) is not indicated without proper evaluation. Encouraging the patient to push (choice D) is premature without assessing cervical dilation.