Nokea
Which finding is a positive sign of pregnancy?
- A. Amenorrhea
- B. Breast changes
- C. Fetal movement felt by the woman
- D. Visualization of fetus by ultrasound
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Breast changes. During pregnancy, hormonal changes cause breast enlargement, tenderness, and darkening of the areolas. This is considered a positive sign of pregnancy because it is a direct physiological response to the hormonal changes associated with pregnancy. Amenorrhea (choice A) is a common early sign of pregnancy but can also be due to other factors. Fetal movement (choice C) and visualization of fetus by ultrasound (choice D) are considered presumptive and probable signs of pregnancy, respectively, but not definitive positive signs like breast changes.
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Which situation best describes a man trying on fathering behaviors?
- A. Reading books on newborn care
- B. Spending more time with his siblings
- C. Coaching a little league baseball team
- D. Exhibiting physical symptoms related to pregnancy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because reading books on newborn care demonstrates the man actively seeking knowledge and preparing for fatherhood. This choice reflects a deliberate effort to understand and engage in fathering behaviors. Spending time with siblings (B) may improve his relationship skills but does not necessarily indicate specific fathering behaviors. Coaching a little league team (C) involves mentoring and leadership but does not directly relate to fathering. Exhibiting physical symptoms of pregnancy (D) is biologically impossible and irrelevant to fathering behaviors. Ultimately, actively seeking knowledge through reading shows the man's commitment to learning how to be a father.
The ovaries are:
- A. Located in the male reproductive system
- B. A pair of small glands about the size and shape of almonds
- C. Long tubes connecting the vagina to the cervix
- D. Large elongated muscles found in the female bladder
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ovaries are small, almond-shaped glands responsible for producing eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone.
What is the physiologic reason for vascular volume increasing by 40% to 60% during pregnancy?
- A. Prevents maternal and fetal dehydration
- B. Eliminates metabolic wastes of the mother
- C. Provides adequate perfusion of the placenta
- D. Compensates for decreased renal plasma flow
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Provides adequate perfusion of the placenta. During pregnancy, the increased vascular volume ensures sufficient blood flow to the placenta, supplying oxygen and nutrients to the developing fetus. This is crucial for fetal growth and development. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Preventing maternal and fetal dehydration is not the main reason for the significant increase in vascular volume during pregnancy.
B: Eliminating metabolic wastes of the mother does not require such a substantial increase in vascular volume.
D: Compensating for decreased renal plasma flow is not the primary physiologic reason for the vascular volume expansion during pregnancy.
A patient at 24 weeks of gestation contacts the nurse at her obstetric provider's office to complain that she has cravings for dirt and gravel. The nurse is aware that this condition is known as and may indicate anemia.
- A. ptyalism
- B. pyrosis
- C. pica
- D. decreased peristalsis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pica (a desire to eat nonfood substances) is an indication of iron deficiency and should be evaluated.
A woman is in her seventh month of pregnancy. She has been reporting nasal congestion and occasional epistaxis. The nurse suspects that:
- A. this is a normal respiratory change in pregnancy caused by elevated levels of estrogen.
- B. this is an abnormal cardiovascular change, and the nosebleeds are an ominous sign.
- C. the woman is a victim of domestic violence and is being hit in the face by her partner.
- D. the woman has been using cocaine intranasally.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Elevated levels of estrogen cause capillaries to become engorged in the respiratory tract. This may result in edema in the nose, larynx, trachea, and bronchi. This congestion may cause nasal stuffiness and epistaxis.