Nokea
Which finding suggests fluid volume deficit in an infant presenting with vomiting and diarrhea for 2 days?
- A. Increased blood pressure
- B. A sunken fontanel
- C. Decreased pulse rate
- D. Low urine specific gravity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A sunken fontanel is a classic sign of dehydration in infants, indicating a fluid volume deficit. In dehydration, the fontanel sinks due to decreased fluid volume in the body. Increased blood pressure (Choice A) is not typically associated with dehydration in infants. Decreased pulse rate (Choice C) is not a common finding in fluid volume deficit, as the body tries to increase the heart rate to compensate for decreased volume. Low urine specific gravity (Choice D) may be seen in dehydration, but it is not as specific or as easily observable as a sunken fontanel.
You may also like to solve these questions
A child is admitted in acute renal failure (ARF). Therapeutic management to rapidly provoke a flow of urine includes the administration of what medication?
- A. Propranolol (Inderal)
- B. Calcium gluconate
- C. Mannitol (Osmitrol) or furosemide (Lasix)
- D. Sodium, chloride, and potassium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mannitol and furosemide are diuretics commonly used to induce diuresis in acute renal failure, helping to provoke urine flow and manage fluid overload. Calcium gluconate and electrolyte supplementation are used for other specific conditions and not primarily for diuresis.
A child has a nasogastric (NG) tube after surgery for Hirschsprung disease. What is the purpose of the NG tube?
- A. Prevent the spread of infection.
- B. Monitor electrolyte balance.
- C. Prevent abdominal distention.
- D. Maintain accurate records of output.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary purpose of an NG tube post-surgery for Hirschsprung disease is to prevent abdominal distention by decompressing the stomach and intestines. This helps prevent complications and promotes healing.
What are signs and symptoms of a possible kidney transplant rejection in a child? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Fever
- B. Hypotension
- C. All are applicable
- D. Swelling and tenderness of graft area
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Signs of kidney transplant rejection include fever, diminished urinary output, and swelling/tenderness in the graft area. These symptoms indicate that the body may be rejecting the transplanted organ, requiring immediate medical attention.
A child with acute glomerulonephritis is in the playroom and experiences blurred vision and a headache. What action should the nurse take?
- A. Check the urine to see if hematuria has increased.
- B. Obtain the child's blood pressure and notify the healthcare provider.
- C. Obtain serum electrolytes and send urinalysis to the laboratory.
- D. Reassure the child and encourage bed rest until the headache improves.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Blurred vision and headache in a child with acute glomerulonephritis may indicate severe hypertension, which requires immediate assessment and intervention. Blood pressure should be checked, and the healthcare provider notified.
Why are neonates predisposed to problems with thermoregulation?
- A. Renal function is not fully developed.
- B. Flexed posture favors heat loss.
- C. A large body surface area favors heat loss to the environment.
- D. A thick layer of subcutaneous fat provides excellent insulation.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Neonates have a large surface area relative to their weight, which makes them prone to heat loss to the environment, leading to thermoregulation issues. The underdeveloped kidney affecting urine concentration (Choice A) is unrelated to the thermal regulation process. While a flexed posture can help retain heat (Choice B), it does not outweigh the impact of the large body surface area in neonates. Although subcutaneous fat (Choice D) provides insulation, in neonates, the large body surface area is more significant in contributing to heat loss than the fat's insulating properties.