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Which foods should the nurse encourage a client with diverticulosis to incorporate into the diet? Select all that apply.
- A. Bran cereal.
- B. Broccoli.
- C. Tomato juice.
- D. Navy beans.
- E. Cheese.
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: Bran cereal (A), broccoli (B), and navy beans (D) are high-fiber foods that help prevent complications in diverticulosis by promoting regular bowel movements. Tomato juice (C) and cheese (E) are not high in fiber. CN: Physiological adaptation; CL: Create
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Which finding indicates effective hemodialysis?
- A. Decreased BUN.
- B. Increased potassium.
- C. Weight gain.
- D. Hypotension.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Decreased BUN indicates effective removal of waste products.
The client who does not respond adequately to fluid replacement has an order for an I.V. infusion of dopamine hydrochloride at 5 µg/kg/minute. To determine that the drug is having the desired effect, the nurse should assess the client for:
- A. Increased renal and mesenteric blood flow.
- B. Increased cardiac output.
- C. Vasoconstriction.
- D. Reduced preload and afterload.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dopamine at 5 µg/kg/minute primarily increases cardiac output by enhancing myocardial contractility and heart rate, improving perfusion in shock. Renal/mesenteric flow occurs at lower doses, vasoconstriction at higher doses, and preload/afterload reduction is not a primary effect.
Which of the following is the most common initial manifestation of acute renal failure?
- A. Dysuria.
- B. Anuria.
- C. Hematuria.
- D. Oliguria.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Oliguria, reduced urine output, is the most common initial sign of acute renal failure due to impaired kidney filtration.
The nurse is teaching the client about deep-breathing techniques. Which of the following client statements indicates the need for additional education?
- A. œI will use my incentive spirometer every hour while I'm awake.'
- B. œI should place my hands lightly over my lower ribs and upper abdomen.'
- C. œI should get into a comfortable position before doing my breathing exercises.'
- D. œI should take four deep breaths and then cough deeply from the lungs.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Taking four deep breaths before coughing is incorrect, as the client should perform deep breaths and cough in a sequence, typically 2-3 breaths followed by a cough, to prevent atelectasis effectively.
A client develops lymphedema after a left mastectomy with lymph node dissection. Which of the following should be included in the discharge teaching plan? Select all that apply.
- A. Do not allow blood pressures or blood draws in the affected arm.
- B. Avoid application of sunscreen on the left arm.
- C. Use an electric razor for shaving.
- D. Immobilize the left arm.
- E. Elevate the left arm.
- F. Perform hand pump exercises.
Correct Answer: A,C,E,F
Rationale: Preventing trauma (A, C), elevating the arm (E), and performing exercises (F) reduce lymphedema risk and promote lymphatic drainage. Sunscreen (B) is safe, and immobilization (D) is not recommended.