Nokea
Which foods will the home health nurse counsel patients with hypokalemia to include in their diet?
- A. Bananas, oranges, cantaloupe
- B. Carrots, summer squash, green beans
- C. Apples, pineapple, watermelon
- D. Winter squash, cauliflower, lettuce
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The use of most diuretics, with the exception of the potassium-sparing diuretics, requires adding daily potassium sources (e.g., baked potatoes, raw bananas, apricots, or navel oranges, cantaloupe, winter squash).
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Which type of diet will the patient be encouraged to eat during the active phase of acute renal failure?
- A. A diet high in sodium
- B. A diet high in potassium
- C. A diet high in carbohydrates
- D. A diet high in fluid sources
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The patient with acute renal failure would need a high carbohydrate diet. Potassium and sodium are restricted as well as excess fluids.
Acute glomerulonephritis is commonly a result of a preexisting infection of b-hemolytic ___.
- A. streptococci
Correct Answer: streptococci
Rationale: The health history commonly reveals that the onset of acute glomerulonephritis is preceded by b-hemolytic streptococcal infection.
Which portion of the nephron is involved with filtration?
- A. Glomerulus of the Bowman capsule
- B. Henle loop
- C. Proximal convoluted tubule
- D. Distal convoluted tubule
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Filtration of water and blood products occurs in the glomerulus of the Bowman capsule.
Why are pediatric patients, especially girls, susceptible to urinary tract infections?
- A. Genetically females have a weaker immune system.
- B. Females have a short and proximal urethra in relation to the vagina.
- C. Girls are more sexually active than males.
- D. Girls have a weakened musculature and sphincter tone.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pediatric patients, especially girls, are susceptible to urinary tract infections because of the short urethra.
A patient who is receiving continuous bladder irrigation following a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) complains of 'spasm-like' pain over his lower abdomen. Which step will be the initial intervention by the nurse?
- A. Inform the nurse in charge.
- B. Decrease the continuous bladder irrigation flow.
- C. Administer the prescribed analgesic.
- D. Check the catheter and drainage system for obstruction.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The patient who has a TURP may have continuous closed bladder irrigation or intermittent irrigation to prevent occlusion of the catheter with blood clots, which would cause bladder spasms.