Nokea
Which functional cell of the nervous system is responsible for transmission of information from one cell to another?
- A. nerves
- B. neurons
- C. ganglions
- D. glial cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Neurons are specialized cells that transmit electrical and chemical signals throughout the nervous system. They are the primary functional units of the nervous system, responsible for processing and transmitting information to other neurons, muscles, or glands.
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One of the most important functions of the autonomic nervous system is the following:
- A. regulation of homeostasis
- B. voluntary movements
- C. coordination of movements
- D. involuntary movements
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Regulation of homeostasis is the correct answer because the autonomic nervous system controls vital functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and temperature regulation. These processes are essential for maintaining the body's internal balance and ensuring survival.
The nurse writes the client problem of 'altered sexual functioning' for a male client diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). Which intervention should be implemented?
- A. Encourage the couple to explore alternative ways of maintaining intimacy.
- B. Make an appointment with a psychotherapist to counsel the couple.
- C. Explain daily exercise will help increase libido and sexual arousal.
- D. Discuss the importance of keeping physically calm during sexual intercourse.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Exploring alternative ways to maintain intimacy can help the client and their partner adapt to changes in sexual functioning caused by MS.
A college student observes a roommate going out wearing uncharacteristically seductive clothing, returning 12 to 24 hours later, and then sleeping for 8 to 12 hours. At other times, the roommate sits on the floor speaking like a young child. Which health problem should be considered?
- A. Functional neurological (conversion) disorder
- B. Dissociative identity disorder
- C. Dissociative amnesia
- D. Body dysmorphic disorder
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dissociative identity disorder. The roommate displaying different behaviors indicates potential dissociation, where different identities or states of consciousness take control. Seductive clothing and extended absence may indicate a different identity, while childlike speech may suggest another identity. This pattern aligns with the criteria for dissociative identity disorder. Functional neurological disorder (Choice A) involves physical symptoms without a clear organic cause. Dissociative amnesia (Choice C) pertains to memory loss due to psychological trauma. Body dysmorphic disorder (Choice D) involves obsession with perceived flaws in physical appearance. These options do not align with the diverse behaviors and identity shifts observed in the roommate.
Which motor symptom, visible in the hands, is characteristic of Parkinson's disease?
- A. blue discoloration
- B. red discoloration
- C. tremor
- D. severe edema
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tremor, particularly a resting tremor, is a hallmark symptom of Parkinson's disease. It often begins in the hands and can progress to other parts of the body as the disease advances.
The limbic system includes the:
- A. amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus
- B. hypothalamus, medulla, hippocampus
- C. hippocampus, pons, thalamus
- D. cerebellum, pons, hypothalamus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The limbic system is a group of brain structures involved in emotion, memory, and motivation. It includes the amygdala, which processes fear and emotional responses; the hypothalamus, which regulates hormones and homeostasis; and the hippocampus, which is essential for forming and retrieving memories. These structures work together to integrate emotional and cognitive processes, playing a key role in behavior and survival.