Nokea
Which gland, often referred to as the 'master gland' of the endocrine system and located at the base of the brain, secretes various hormones that control other glands?
- A. Thyroid gland
- B. Pituitary gland
- C. Adrenal gland
- D. Pancreas
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The pituitary gland is correctly known as the 'master gland' of the endocrine system. It is situated at the base of the brain and plays a crucial role in secreting a variety of hormones that regulate the functions of other endocrine glands in the body. These hormones control growth, metabolism, reproduction, and various other essential bodily functions. The other choices, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, and pancreas, are incorrect as they do not serve as the 'master gland' of the endocrine system nor are located at the base of the brain like the pituitary gland.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which of the following conditions is characterized by a wasting or decrease in muscle mass?
- A. Hypertrophy
- B. Atrophy
- C. Spasticity
- D. Myopathy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Atrophy is the correct answer as it is characterized by a wasting or decrease in muscle mass. Hypertrophy, on the other hand, refers to an increase in muscle size. Spasticity is associated with increased muscle tone due to continuous contraction of muscles. Myopathy, on the other hand, is a broad term used to describe various muscle diseases affecting muscle tissue, which may or may not involve muscle wasting.
Which of the following statements best describes Newton's first law of motion?
- A. An object in motion tends to stay in motion, and an object at rest tends to stay at rest unless acted upon by an external force.
- B. Force equals mass times acceleration.
- C. For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
- D. The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Newton's first law of motion, also known as the law of inertia, states that an object in motion will remain in motion, and an object at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by an external force. This principle highlights the concept of inertia, which is the tendency of objects to resist changes in their state of motion. Option A accurately captures this fundamental aspect of Newton's first law. Options B, C, and D describe Newton's second law, third law, and the relationship between force, acceleration, and mass, respectively. Therefore, options B, C, and D are incorrect as they pertain to different laws formulated by Newton.
What is the difference between alpha decay and beta decay?
- A. Both release the same type of particle.
- B. Alpha decay releases a helium nucleus, while beta decay releases an electron or positron.
- C. Alpha decay is more common than beta decay.
- D. They both convert one element into another, but in different ways.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Alpha decay involves the release of a helium nucleus, which consists of two protons and two neutrons. In contrast, beta decay releases an electron (beta-minus decay) or a positron (beta-plus decay). This significant distinction in the particles emitted during the decay processes distinguishes alpha decay from beta decay. Choice A is incorrect because alpha and beta decay release different types of particles. Choice C is incorrect as beta decay is more common than alpha decay in many cases. Choice D is incorrect as it does not specifically address the particles released during alpha and beta decay.
Which bones are included in the axial skeleton?
- A. Head, neck, and trunk
- B. Arms and legs
- C. Hands and feet
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Head, neck, and trunk. The axial skeleton comprises bones located in the head, neck, and trunk region, such as the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage. These bones provide structural support and protect vital organs like the brain, spinal cord, and heart. Choices B and C are incorrect because arms, legs, hands, and feet are part of the appendicular skeleton, not the axial skeleton. The appendicular skeleton is responsible for movement, manipulation, and mobility, while the axial skeleton primarily provides central support and protection for essential organs.
What is the function of the epiglottis?
- A. Produces saliva
- B. Senses taste
- C. Prevents food from entering the windpipe
- D. Filters blood
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage located at the base of the tongue that covers the opening of the windpipe (trachea) during swallowing to prevent food and liquids from entering the airway. This action ensures that food and liquids are directed to the esophagus and down into the stomach, rather than entering the respiratory system, which could lead to choking or aspiration pneumonia. Options A, B, and D are incorrect as they describe functions of other structures in the body that are not related to the role of the epiglottis.