ATI TEAS 7 science review

ATI TEAS 7 science review Related

Review ATI TEAS 7 science review related questions and content

Which group of elements is known for their reactivity and ability to form strong bonds with other elements?

  • A. Noble gases
  • B. Halogens
  • C. Alkali metals
  • D. Transition metals
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Halogens are a group of elements in the periodic table known for their high reactivity and ability to form strong bonds with other elements. They possess seven valence electrons, requiring only one more electron to achieve a stable electron configuration, making them highly reactive. Halogens readily form compounds with other elements by gaining an electron to achieve a full outer shell, resulting in the formation of strong covalent bonds. Noble gases (option A), on the other hand, are known for their inertness and stable electron configurations, making them unlikely to form bonds. Alkali metals (option C) are highly reactive but do not form bonds as strong as halogens. Transition metals (option D) are recognized for their variable oxidation states and ability to create complex ions but are not as reactive as halogens when it comes to bond formation.

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Which element is found in water and is crucial for biological functions like nerve impulses and muscle contraction?

  • A. Sodium
  • B. Potassium
  • C. Calcium
  • D. Magnesium
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Sodium. Sodium is found in water and is crucial for biological functions like nerve impulses and muscle contraction. It plays a key role in maintaining electrolyte balance and transmitting nerve impulses, affecting both muscles and nerves. Potassium (Choice B), although essential for nerve function and muscle control, is not typically found in water. Calcium (Choice C) is important for bone health and muscle function, but it is not the element found in water. Magnesium (Choice D) is also essential for various biological functions but is not the element commonly found in water.

What enzyme plays a key role in breaking down carbohydrates in the small intestine?

  • A. Pepsin
  • B. Lipase
  • C. Amylase
  • D. Trypsin
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Amylase is the enzyme responsible for breaking down carbohydrates in the small intestine. It specifically targets starches and sugars, breaking them down into smaller molecules like maltose and glucose that can be absorbed by the body. Pepsin is an enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach, not the small intestine. Lipase is responsible for breaking down fats, not carbohydrates. Trypsin is an enzyme that breaks down proteins in the small intestine, not carbohydrates.

What is the waxy or oily substance produced by sebaceous glands that helps lubricate the skin and hair?

  • A. Keratin
  • B. Melanin
  • C. Sebum
  • D. Sweat
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Sebum is the waxy or oily substance produced by sebaceous glands. It helps lubricate the skin and hair, keeping them moisturized and protected. Keratin is a protein that makes up hair, skin, and nails, providing structure and strength. Melanin is a pigment that gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes, providing protection against UV radiation. Sweat is a watery fluid produced by sweat glands to help regulate body temperature by cooling the body through evaporation.

How can a single gene mutation lead to multiple phenotypes depending on the organism?

  • A. Pleiotropy describes the effect of one gene influencing multiple seemingly unrelated traits.
  • B. Epigenetics involves environmental factors modifying gene expression without altering the DNA sequence.
  • C. Genetic drift refers to random changes in allele frequencies within a population.
  • D. Gene regulation controls the timing and level of gene expression within an organism.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A single gene mutation can lead to multiple phenotypes through pleiotropy, where one gene influences diverse traits or functions in an organism. This phenomenon occurs when the mutated gene affects different biochemical pathways, developmental processes, or cellular functions, resulting in a cascade of downstream effects that manifest as a variety of phenotypic outcomes. Choice B, epigenetics, involves modifications in gene expression influenced by environmental factors without altering the DNA sequence, which is not directly related to the question about single gene mutations causing multiple phenotypes. Choice C, genetic drift, refers to random changes in allele frequencies within a population, which is unrelated to the impact of a single gene mutation on multiple phenotypes. Choice D, gene regulation, focuses on controlling the timing and level of gene expression within an organism, which is not directly addressing how a single gene mutation can lead to diverse phenotypes.

Which neurotransmitter is associated with mood, sleep, and memory?

  • A. Dopamine
  • B. Serotonin
  • C. Acetylcholine
  • D. Glutamate
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is associated with regulating mood, sleep, and memory. It plays a crucial role in maintaining emotional balance and is often a target in treating mood disorders like depression and anxiety. Serotonin also helps regulate sleep patterns and is connected to memory function. Dopamine (choice A) is more commonly linked to reward, motivation, and movement. Acetylcholine (choice C) is involved in muscle control and memory. Glutamate (choice D) is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain but is not primarily associated with mood, sleep, and memory.

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