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Which health literacy skill would the nurse anticipate in a client with functional health literacy skills?
- A. Understanding a prescription label
- B. Following blood glucose trends
- C. Recognizing personal health risks for cardiovascular disease
- D. Following directions to reduce radon levels in the home
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because understanding a prescription label is a fundamental skill required for functional health literacy. This skill involves interpreting medical instructions accurately, including dosage and frequency. This is crucial for medication adherence and safety. Choice B may require numeracy skills beyond functional health literacy. Choice C involves critical thinking skills beyond basic literacy. Choice D requires knowledge of environmental health hazards, not solely health literacy.
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Which from vital statistics records is useful to community health nurses? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Relatively early age of death may suggest a new pathogen in the community
- B. Divorce rate, suggesting whether children will need additional services
- C. Stability of marriages, making family structure become obvious
- D. Indication of whether the total population is growing or declining
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vital statistics record births, marriages, divorce, adoptions, and deaths in the community. Useful information would include conditions of birth, such as congenital malformations from the birth records. Death records suggest local mortality and morbidity trends. Overall growth or decline in the community's population can be seen. Options A, B, and F, while potentially informative, are not directly cited as primary uses of vital statistics in this context.
What factors are most responsible for the increasing length of life of Americans over the past 100 years?
- A. Better nutrition and family planning options
- B. Education concerning the need to reduce salt and fat in the diet
- C. Improved medical care, including exciting new technologies
- D. More efficient cancer screenings and early intervention
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Average increased life span over the past 100 years can be largely attributed to higher standards of living, better nutrition, a healthier environment, and having fewer children. Public health efforts such as immunization and medical care have also contributed.
Which of the following is a primary prevention strategy for preventing the spread of infectious diseases?
- A. Offering vaccines to prevent disease
- B. Providing antibiotics to treat infected individuals
- C. Promoting the use of condoms to prevent STIs
- D. Providing education on proper handwashing techniques
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because offering vaccines is a primary prevention strategy that aims to prevent the occurrence of disease in the first place by building immunity against specific pathogens. This approach targets the root cause of infectious diseases and helps reduce the spread within the population. Vaccines are administered before exposure to the disease, making them a proactive measure.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they fall under secondary or tertiary prevention strategies. Providing antibiotics (B) treats infected individuals after they have already contracted the disease, which is a secondary prevention measure. Promoting condom use (C) aims to reduce the risk of transmission after exposure, making it a form of secondary prevention for STIs. Education on handwashing techniques (D) is a good hygiene practice, but it is more focused on reducing the spread of infections after exposure, making it a secondary prevention strategy as well.
A male client is brought to the emergency department as the result of a motorcycle accident. He was not wearing a helmet at the time of the accident, and states that he
- A. Within the framework of the Transtheoretical Model (TTM), which response should the nurse provide?
- B. Wearing a helmet or not is certainly an individual decision.
- C. You should seriously consider wearing a helmet.
- D. Riding a motorcycle with a helmet increases your safety.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for Choice C:
1. Choice C empowers the client by encouraging him to consider wearing a helmet, promoting his safety.
2. It acknowledges the client's autonomy while emphasizing the importance of helmet use.
3. The nurse's response aligns with the principles of health promotion and injury prevention.
Summary of Other Choices:
- Choice A: TTM focuses on stages of behavior change, not the immediate safety concern of helmet use.
- Choice B: This response fails to address the critical safety issue at hand, prioritizing individual choice over safety.
- Choice D: While true, this choice does not address the client's current behavior or provide guidance for future actions.
A nurse has instructed a client several times what he needs to do to get better, but the client has not followed these instructions. Which offers the best explanation for this behavior?
- A. Barriers prevent action.
- B. The client does not understand.
- C. The client does not really care.
- D. Barriers prevent desire to change.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Often the patient is blamed and labeled as being noncompliant. It is more helpful to wonder what barriers interfered with the patient's ability to engage in appropriate action. It is unlikely that the client doesn't understand or doesn't care, rather the barriers are preventing action from being taken. Barriers may prevent the change, but not necessarily the desire to change.