Nokea
Which heart chamber receives venous blood returning to the heart via the superior and inferior vena cava?
- A. Right atrium
- B. Left atrium
- C. Right ventricle
- D. Left ventricle
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Right atrium. The right atrium receives venous blood returning to the heart via the superior and inferior vena cava. Blood from the body enters the right atrium through the vena cavae, then flows into the right ventricle and eventually gets pumped to the lungs for oxygenation. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs, the right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs, and the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.
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The client is on amiodarone. What is the most important side effect to monitor for?
- A. Pulmonary toxicity
- B. Thyroid dysfunction
- C. Liver toxicity
- D. Renal dysfunction
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pulmonary toxicity. Amiodarone is known to cause potentially fatal pulmonary toxicity, including interstitial pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis. Monitoring for pulmonary symptoms such as cough, dyspnea, and chest pain is crucial. Choice B (Thyroid dysfunction) is a common side effect but is typically less urgent. Choices C (Liver toxicity) and D (Renal dysfunction) are possible side effects of amiodarone, but pulmonary toxicity is the most important to monitor due to its severity and potential fatality.
A client is admitted to the hospital with a dysrhythmia. Which of the following is the most common cause of dysrhythmias?
- A. Hypothermia
- B. Metabolic acidosis
- C. Drug therapy
- D. Ischemic heart disease
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of dysrhythmias due to compromised blood flow to the heart muscle.
What is the term for inflammation of the bronchial tubes, often leading to a persistent cough and mucus production?
- A. Bronchitis
- B. Asthma
- C. Pneumonia
- D. Cystic fibrosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bronchitis. Bronchitis refers to inflammation of the bronchial tubes, causing symptoms such as persistent cough and mucus production. This condition is often caused by viral or bacterial infections, irritants, or smoking. Asthma (B) is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation and tightening, leading to difficulty breathing. Pneumonia (C) is an infection in the lungs, typically caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Cystic fibrosis (D) is a genetic disorder affecting the lungs and other organs, leading to thick mucus production and recurrent infections. Therefore, the term that specifically describes inflammation of the bronchial tubes is bronchitis, making it the correct answer in this scenario.
Which of the following is a chronic lung disease that includes conditions such as chronic bronchitis and emphysema, characterized by obstructed airflow from the lungs?
- A. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- B. Pulmonary fibrosis
- C. Asthma
- D. Pneumonia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is characterized by chronic bronchitis and emphysema, leading to obstructed airflow from the lungs. Chronic bronchitis involves inflammation of the bronchial tubes, while emphysema damages the air sacs in the lungs. Pulmonary fibrosis (B) is scarring of lung tissue, not obstructed airflow. Asthma (C) is a condition where airways narrow and swell, not necessarily leading to obstructed airflow. Pneumonia (D) is an infection in the lungs, not a chronic disease causing obstructed airflow.
The client is on a beta blocker for hypertension. What should the nurse monitor for?
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Tachycardia
- C. Hypertension
- D. Respiratory distress
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bradycardia. Beta blockers slow down the heart rate by blocking the effects of adrenaline. Therefore, the nurse should monitor for bradycardia as it is a common side effect of beta blockers. Tachycardia (B) is unlikely due to the medication's mechanism. Hypertension (C) is already being treated by the beta blocker. Respiratory distress (D) is not a typical side effect of beta blockers.