Nokea
Which high level labs should the nurse explain can prevent cardiovascular disease?
- A. Cholesterol
- B. Triglycerides
- C. Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
- D. High-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: HDLs contain very low concentrations of triglycerides, relatively little cholesterol, and high levels of proteins. It is thought that HDLs protect against cardiovascular disease. Cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDLs are not protective against cardiovascular disease.
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Normal Heart
- A. Ventricular septal depolarization occurs from Lt ï‚® Rt
- B. During tachycardia diastolic time reduced than systolic time
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: During tachycardia, diastolic time is significantly reduced compared to systolic time.
Inability to do which of the following in a 20-month child is cause for concern?
- A. Speak in clear two to three word phrases
- B. Walk unaided
- C. Kick a ball
- D. Build a tower of 8 blocks
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Inability to walk unaided by 20 months is a red flag for developmental delay. Other skills are more variable and less concerning if delayed.
A child aged 10 days has ambiguous genitalia:
- A. If a buccal smear is chromatin negative, there is a serious risk of an Addisonian crisis
- B. A raised urinary output of pregnanetriol would confirm a diagnosis of CAR
- C. The finding of the genotype 45 XO would reliably explain the anomaly
- D. If testicles were present in the 'labia', an acceptable explanation would be Klinefelter's syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A raised urinary pregnanetriol indicates congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAR). Chromatin-negative buccal smear suggests male genotype, and 45 XO is Turner syndrome, not related to ambiguous genitalia. Klinefelter's syndrome does not explain testicles in the labia.
The nurse is evaluating a male client’s understanding of diet teaching about the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) eating plan. Which behavior indicates that the client is adhering to the eating plan?
- A. Uses only lactose-free dairy products
- B. Enjoys fat free yogurt as an occasional snack food
- C. No longer includes grains in his daily diet
- D. Carefully cleans and peels all fresh fruit and vegetables
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cleaning and peeling fruits and vegetables is consistent with the DASH plan, which promotes a high intake of fresh produce.
All the following are true regarding coarctation of the aorta EXCEPT
- A. notching of ribs is noted
- B. doppler is useful for demonstrating severe obstruction
- C. diagnostic catheterization is mandatory before surgery
- D. CT and MRI are valuable noninvasive tools for evaluation when the echocardiogram is equivocal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diagnostic catheterization is not always mandatory before surgery for coarctation of the aorta.