Nokea
Which hormone is responsible for stimulating milk production in the breasts?
- A. Progesterone
- B. Estrogen
- C. Prolactin
- D. Oxytocin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Prolactin. Prolactin is the hormone responsible for stimulating milk production in the breasts. It is produced by the pituitary gland and plays a crucial role in lactation. Progesterone and estrogen are involved in preparing the breasts for milk production but do not directly stimulate it. Oxytocin is responsible for the ejection of milk from the breast but not for its production.
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A nurse is developing a plan of care for a newborn who is to undergo phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan?
- A. Feed the newborn 1 oz of water every 4 hr.
- B. Apply lotion to the newborn’s skin three times per day.
- C. Remove all clothing from the newborn except the diaper.
- D. Discontinue therapy if the newborn develops a rash.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Removing all clothing except the diaper ensures maximum skin exposure to the phototherapy lights, which is essential for effective treatment of hyperbilirubinemia.
A nurse is reviewing the chart of a client who is 2 days postpartum following a vaginal delivery and reports constipation. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a contraindication to the use of a suppository?
- A. Vaginal candidiasis
- B. Abdominal distention
- C. Afterpains
- D. Third-degree perineal laceration
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Third-degree perineal laceration. Using a suppository in a client with a third-degree perineal laceration can exacerbate pain, increase the risk of infection, and hinder the healing process. The suppository insertion may disrupt the delicate tissue, leading to further trauma and complications. It is crucial to allow the perineal area to heal properly without additional irritation. Choices A, B, and C are not contraindications to the use of a suppository for constipation in a postpartum client. Vaginal candidiasis, abdominal distention, and afterpains do not directly impact the safety or effectiveness of suppository use in this scenario.
A nurse is caring for a client who is at 22 weeks of gestation and is HIV positive. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Administer penicillin G 2.4 million units IM to the client.
- B. Instruct the client to schedule an annual pelvic examination.
- C. Tell the client they will start medication for HIV immediately after delivery.
- D. Report the client’s condition to the local health department.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Reporting the client’s HIV status to the local health department is a legal requirement to ensure proper public health tracking and intervention.
Which of the following is a potential complication of neonatal hypothermia?
- A. Hypoglycemia
- B. Hyperglycemia
- C. Respiratory distress syndrome
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neonatal hypothermia can lead to hypoglycemia due to the increased energy demands of maintaining body temperature.
Which of the following is a potential ethical issue related to pain management in maternal and newborn healthcare?
- A. Undertreatment of pain
- B. Overtreatment of pain
- C. Use of alternative therapies without informed consent
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Undertreatment of pain can lead to unnecessary suffering, while overtreatment can result in adverse effects for the mother and newborn. Additionally, using alternative therapies without informed consent violates the principle of autonomy. These issues highlight the importance of balancing pain management strategies to ensure optimal care and ethical practice in maternal and newborn healthcare. Choices A, B, and C each represent distinct ethical concerns that may arise in pain management, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive approach to address these complexities.