Nokea
Which hormone stimulates the production of red blood cells?
- A. Insulin
- B. Erythropoietin
- C. Glucagon
- D. Thyroxine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Erythropoietin is the correct answer. It is the hormone responsible for stimulating the production of red blood cells. Erythropoietin is produced by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels in the blood. This hormone promotes the generation of more red blood cells to increase the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity. Insulin (Choice A), Glucagon (Choice C), and Thyroxine (Choice D) do not stimulate the production of red blood cells. Insulin regulates blood sugar levels, Glucagon increases blood sugar levels, and Thyroxine regulates metabolism.
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Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels?
- A. Insulin
- B. Glucagon
- C. Cortisol
- D. Thyroxine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Insulin is the hormone that regulates blood sugar levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells. It is produced by the pancreas and helps to lower blood sugar levels when they are too high. Glucagon, on the other hand, works in opposition to insulin by raising blood sugar levels when they are too low. Cortisol and thyroxine play different roles in the body and are not primarily responsible for regulating blood sugar levels.
What is the term for red blood cell production?
- A. Hematopoiesis
- B. Erythropoiesis
- C. Phagocytosis
- D. Thrombopoiesis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct term for red blood cell production is erythropoiesis. This process specifically refers to the production of red blood cells, mainly occurring in the bone marrow. Hematopoiesis is a broader term that encompasses the production of all blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Phagocytosis is the process of engulfing and digesting particles by cells like macrophages, not related to red blood cell production. Thrombopoiesis is the production of platelets, not red blood cells.
Which vitamin is essential for the absorption of calcium?
- A. Vitamin A
- B. Vitamin D
- C. Vitamin K
- D. Vitamin C
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin D is crucial for the absorption of calcium in the intestines, which is vital for maintaining strong bones and teeth. It helps regulate calcium levels in the blood and promotes bone mineralization, making it an essential vitamin for overall bone health. Vitamin A (Choice A) is important for vision and immune function, not specifically for calcium absorption. Vitamin K (Choice C) is essential for blood clotting, while Vitamin C (Choice D) is known for its role in collagen production and antioxidant properties, but not directly related to calcium absorption.
Which hormone is released by the pancreas to lower blood glucose levels?
- A. Insulin
- B. Glucagon
- C. Cortisol
- D. Somatostatin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Insulin is the hormone released by the pancreas to lower blood glucose levels. Insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose into cells, helping to decrease blood glucose levels and store excess glucose for energy or future use. Glucagon, on the other hand, raises blood glucose levels by promoting the breakdown of glycogen into glucose. Cortisol and somatostatin do not directly regulate blood glucose levels in the same manner as insulin and glucagon.
What type of tissue forms the outer layer of the skin?
- A. Connective tissue
- B. Epithelial tissue
- C. Muscle tissue
- D. Nervous tissue
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Epithelial tissue is the correct answer. It forms the outer layer of the skin, serving as a protective barrier against pathogens and environmental damage. This tissue type is essential for maintaining skin integrity and plays a crucial role in skin function. Connective tissue (Choice A), although important for providing support and structure, does not form the outer layer of the skin. Muscle tissue (Choice C) is responsible for movement and is not the primary tissue in the skin. Nervous tissue (Choice D) is involved in transmitting signals but is not the main component of the skin's outer layer.