Nokea
Which hormones are responsible for stimulating the development of sex organs and secondary sex characteristics during puberty?
- A. Growth hormone
- B. Testosterone (in males) and Estrogen (in females)
- C. Insulin
- D. Thyroid hormone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Testosterone and estrogen are the primary sex hormones responsible for the development of male and female sex organs, respectively, and the emergence of secondary sex characteristics during puberty. Growth hormone, insulin, and thyroid hormone do not directly influence the development of sex organs and secondary sex characteristics during puberty. Growth hormone primarily regulates growth and metabolism, insulin regulates blood sugar levels, and thyroid hormone controls metabolism and energy levels. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect for this question.
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What is the primary function of nervous tissue?
- A. Movement
- B. Protection
- C. Communication and coordination
- D. Nutrient transport
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary function of nervous tissue is communication and coordination within the body. Nervous tissue is composed of neurons that transmit electrical signals and supporting cells known as neuroglia. Movement is primarily controlled by the muscular system, protection is mainly provided by the skeletal system and immune system, and nutrient transport is carried out by the circulatory system. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the primary function of nervous tissue.
Which of the following represents different types of electromagnetic waves based on their wavelengths and frequencies?
- A. Visible light, X-rays, radio waves, gamma rays
- B. Sound waves, water waves, seismic waves, shock waves
- C. Longitudinal waves, transverse waves, mechanical waves, non-mechanical waves
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Electromagnetic waves are categorized based on their wavelengths and frequencies. Visible light, X-rays, radio waves, and gamma rays are all examples of electromagnetic waves with distinct wavelengths and frequencies. The correct answer choice, A, accurately represents different types of electromagnetic waves. Sound waves, water waves, seismic waves, and shock waves are mechanical waves that propagate through a medium via particle interactions, not electromagnetic waves. Longitudinal waves, transverse waves, mechanical waves, and non-mechanical waves are classifications based on the nature of the wave propagation and do not relate to the types of electromagnetic waves which are differentiated by their electromagnetic properties.
Which of the following is a unit of measurement for energy?
- A. Watt (W)
- B. Joule (J)
- C. Newton (N)
- D. Kilogram (kg)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The unit of measurement for energy is the Joule (J). Energy is defined as the capacity to do work or produce heat, and the Joule is the standard unit used to measure energy in the International System of Units (SI). A Watt (A) is a unit of power, measured in joules per second, Newton (C) is a unit of force, and Kilogram (D) is a unit of mass. The Joule (J) is the appropriate unit for quantifying energy, making it the correct answer in this context.
Which of the following is the main organ responsible for producing antibodies?
- A. Thymus gland
- B. Spleen
- C. Bone marrow
- D. Lymph nodes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Antibodies are proteins produced by specialized white blood cells called B lymphocytes (B cells). These B cells mature in the bone marrow, where they undergo a process of differentiation and maturation to become plasma cells that secrete antibodies. The bone marrow is the primary site for the production of B cells and antibodies in the immune system. The thymus gland is responsible for the maturation of T lymphocytes (T cells), not antibody production. The spleen and lymph nodes play roles in filtering and trapping pathogens but are not the main organs responsible for producing antibodies.
What is the role of DNA in heredity?
- A. Provides energy for the cell
- B. Determines the structure and function of proteins
- C. Stores and transmits genetic information
- D. Controls cell division
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms. It stores genetic information in the form of a code made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). This genetic information is passed down from parents to offspring and is responsible for determining an organism's traits and characteristics. DNA's primary role is to store and transmit genetic information, making option C the correct answer. DNA does not provide energy for the cell (option A), determine the structure and function of proteins (option B), or control cell division (option D).