Nokea
Which individuals played a role in decreasing infections for patients, increasing mortality to what it is today?
- A. Crede
- B. Saint Vincent de Paul
- C. Knightgale
- D. Pasteur
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Joseph Lister and Louis Pasteur were instrumental in developing antiseptic techniques and germ theory, respectively, which significantly reduced infection rates and improved patient survival.
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A fertilised egg divides to form a ball of cells called an:
- A. Sac
- B. Cartilage
- C. Embryo
- D. Ovary
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: After fertilisation, the zygote undergoes cell division to form an embryo, which develops into a fetus.
A physician has just documented on a prenatal client. The nurse notices that the physician notes the presence of Goodell's sign. The nurse understands that this sign indicates which of the following?
- A. Changes in the cervix
- B. Changes in the uterus
- C. Passive movement of an unengaged fetus
- D. Fetus that has begun to descend and engage in the pelvis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, changes in the cervix. Goodell's sign refers to the softening of the cervix that occurs during early pregnancy due to increased vascularity and hormonal changes. This sign is an important indicator of pregnancy and is typically observed during the first trimester. Choice B, changes in the uterus, is incorrect because Goodell's sign specifically refers to changes in the cervix, not the uterus as a whole. Choice C, passive movement of an unengaged fetus, is incorrect as Goodell's sign is not related to fetal movement. Choice D, fetus that has begun to descend and engage in the pelvis, is also incorrect as Goodell's sign occurs much earlier in pregnancy before the fetus engages in the pelvis.
The diagnosis of pregnancy is based on which positive signs of pregnancy? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Identification of fetal heartbeat
- B. Palpation of fetal outline
- C. Visualization of the fetus
- D. Verification of fetal movement
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice A (Identification of fetal heartbeat) being correct:
1. Detection of fetal heartbeat confirms the presence of a developing fetus.
2. It is a definitive sign of pregnancy and indicates fetal viability.
3. Fetal heartbeat can be detected using ultrasound or Doppler.
4. This sign is not subject to interpretation or misinterpretation.
Summary of why the other choices are incorrect:
- Choice B (Palpation of fetal outline) and D (Verification of fetal movement) are considered probable signs of pregnancy and do not provide definitive confirmation.
- Choice C (Visualization of the fetus) is not a reliable sign as it requires advanced imaging techniques and can be subjective.
Which is a diagnosis that the nurse is legally responsible to report?
- A. Bronchiolitis
- B. Sexually transmitted infections
- C. Acute otitis media
- D. Strep throat
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nurses are legally obligated to report certain communicable diseases, including sexually transmitted infections, to public health authorities to prevent further spread.
What is the best explanation that the nurse can provide to a patient who is concerned that she has "pseudoanemia" of pregnancy?
- A. Have her write down her concerns and tell her that you will ask the physician to
respond once the lab results have been evaluated. - B. Tell her that this is a benign self-limiting condition that can be easily corrected by switching to a high-iron diet.
- C. Inform her that because of the pregnancy, her blood volume has increased, leading
- D. Contact the physician and get a prescription for iron pills to correct this condition.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because pseudoanemia of pregnancy is a normal physiological change where the blood volume expands more rapidly than red blood cell production, leading to a relative decrease in the concentration of red blood cells. By informing the patient that due to the pregnancy, her blood volume has increased, the nurse is addressing the underlying cause of the condition. This explanation reassures the patient that the pseudoanemia is a common occurrence during pregnancy and does not indicate a true anemia requiring treatment.
Choice A is incorrect as it does not address the patient's concerns about pseudoanemia and delays providing a clear explanation. Choice B is incorrect because pseudoanemia does not require a high-iron diet for correction. Choice D is incorrect as prescribing iron pills is unnecessary for pseudoanemia, which is a normal variant of pregnancy.