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Which information would be of greatest assistance to a nurse assessing a patient's motivation to change behavior associated with maladaptive eating regulation responses?
- A. The number, on a scale of 1 to 10, that reflects the patient's desire for treatment.
- B. The name of a person the patient feels he or she can rely on for emotional support.
- C. The advantages the patient identifies as motivation for controlling the maladaptive behavior.
- D. The reasons the patient identifies as the factors that originally caused the maladaptive behavior.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because assessing the patient's desire for treatment provides insight into their readiness and motivation to change behavior. This information indicates their willingness to engage in the treatment process and is a key factor in predicting behavior change.
Option B is incorrect because relying on emotional support may not necessarily reflect the patient's motivation to change their behavior. Option C is incorrect as identifying advantages for controlling maladaptive behavior does not directly address the patient's motivation level. Option D is incorrect because understanding the factors that caused the behavior does not necessarily indicate the patient's current motivation to change.
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A 45-year-old patient shows marked cognitive impairment that has developed progressively over several months. A family member reports that the patient's father also had early-onset dementia. What research-based information can be given to the family in response to their concerns about the patient developing early-onset dementia?
- A. The risk for developing the condition is about 50% only if both parents were affected.
- B. The greatest risk exists for relatives of individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer disease before age 55 years.
- C. Added risk is present only for people with Down syndrome, so relatives without Down syndrome are essentially "safe."Â
- D. Results of the research on genetic predisposition and its effect on the development of early-onset dementia are still unclear.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because individuals with a family history of early-onset dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease before age 55, are at a higher risk of developing the condition themselves. This is supported by research showing a strong genetic component in the development of early-onset dementia. Choice A is incorrect because the risk is not solely dependent on both parents being affected. Choice C is incorrect as early-onset dementia is not limited to individuals with Down syndrome. Choice D is incorrect because research has shown a clear link between genetic predisposition and early-onset dementia.
At what age do the synaptic connections in human brain peak?
- A. At birth
- B. End of 3 years
- C. 5 years
- D. 8 years
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Synaptic connections peak around the end of 3 years (B), a period of rapid synaptogenesis and neural plasticity, followed by pruning. At birth (A), development begins, while 5 (C) and 8 years (D) see continued growth but past the peak, per neurodevelopmental research.
A health care provider writes these new prescriptions for a resident in a skilled nursing facility: 2 g sodium diet, restraint as needed, limit fluids to 1800 mL daily, continue antihypertensive medication, milk of magnesia 30 mL PO once if no bowel movement for 3 days. The nurse should
- A. question the fluid restriction.
- B. question the order for restraint.
- C. transcribe the prescriptions as written.
- D. assess the resident's bowel elimination.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: question the order for restraint. Restraints should only be used as a last resort due to the potential risks and ethical considerations. In this scenario, the prescription of restraint seems unnecessary and should be questioned to ensure the resident's safety and well-being. The other choices are incorrect because questioning the fluid restriction (A) is not necessary as it aligns with the resident's needs, transcribing the prescriptions as written (C) would be inappropriate without considering the necessity of each order, and assessing the resident's bowel elimination (D) is important but not the immediate concern indicated by the order for restraint.
The nurse working with a client whose diagnosis is bulimia asks the client to recall a time in her life when eating was a positive experience and she enjoyed small amounts of food without purging. The purpose of this intervention is to:
- A. gain additional information about the client's bulimic condition.
- B. emphasize that the client is capable of engaging in eating without purging.
- C. incorporate specific foods into the meal plan to reflect pleasant memories.
- D. assist the client to become more compliant with the treatment plan.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer, B, emphasizes that the client is capable of engaging in eating without purging. By asking the client to recall a positive experience with food, the nurse is helping the client recognize that they can enjoy food without the need to purge. This intervention aims to challenge the client's negative beliefs about food and eating, promoting a healthier relationship with food.
Choice A is incorrect as the purpose is not solely to gain additional information about the client's condition but rather to shift the client's perspective on food. Choice C is incorrect as the intervention focuses on emotional aspects rather than specific foods. Choice D is incorrect as the goal is to address the psychological aspect of the client's behavior, not just compliance with the treatment plan.
When analyzing the behaviors of a 23-year-old who meets the criteria for antisocial personality disorder, the nurse recognizes that the following nursing diagnosis would be pertinent to his care:
- A. Risk for self-mutilation
- B. Disturbed personal identity
- C. Impaired social interaction
- D. Social isolation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice C (Impaired social interaction) being the correct answer:
1. Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a lack of regard for others and a pattern of violating their rights.
2. Individuals with this disorder often have difficulty forming and maintaining healthy relationships.
3. Impaired social interaction reflects the challenges the individual faces in relating to others.
4. This nursing diagnosis would address the core issue of social dysfunction in individuals with antisocial personality disorder.
Summary of why the other choices are incorrect:
A. Risk for self-mutilation - Not typically associated with antisocial personality disorder, more common in other mental health conditions.
B. Disturbed personal identity - Not a primary concern in antisocial personality disorder, which is more about behavior than identity.
D. Social isolation - While individuals with antisocial personality disorder may isolate themselves, impaired social interaction is a more direct and specific issue to address in their care.