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Which instruction should the nurse include for a client with valvular heart disease?
- A. Avoid high-sodium foods.
- B. Increase caffeine intake.
- C. Limit fluid intake.
- D. Avoid regular exercise.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Avoiding high-sodium foods prevents fluid retention, reducing strain on the heart.
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The nurse is caring for the client with chronic venous insufficiency. Which statement indicates the client understands the discharge teaching?
- A. I shouldn’t cross my legs for more than 15 minutes.'
- B. I need to elevate the foot of my bed while sleeping.'
- C. I should take a baby aspirin every day with food.'
- D. I should increase my fluid intake to 3,000 mL a day.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Elevating the bed (B) reduces edema in venous insufficiency. Crossing legs (A) is discouraged entirely, aspirin (C) is for arterial issues, and 3,000 mL (D) risks fluid overload.
The client with restrictive cardiomyopathy asks why they feel short of breath. What is the best response?
- A. Your heart cannot fill properly.
- B. Your lungs are inflamed.
- C. Your blood pressure is too low.
- D. Your heart rate is too fast.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Restrictive cardiomyopathy impairs ventricular filling, reducing cardiac output and causing shortness of breath.
Which intervention should the nurse prioritize for a client with heart failure experiencing shortness of breath?
- A. Administer oxygen as prescribed.
- B. Place the client in a supine position.
- C. Encourage deep breathing exercises.
- D. Restrict all fluid intake.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Administering oxygen improves oxygenation in clients with shortness of breath due to heart failure.
The nurse is assessing a client with endocarditis. Which finding is most concerning?
- A. Fever of 102°F
- B. Mild fatigue
- C. Heart rate of 90 beats per minute
- D. Blood pressure of 130/85 mmHg
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fever is a hallmark of endocarditis and may indicate ongoing infection, requiring prompt attention.
The client with peripheral artery disease asks why they need to walk daily. What is the best response?
- A. It strengthens your leg muscles.
- B. It promotes collateral circulation.
- C. It reduces swelling in your legs.
- D. It prevents venous ulcers.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Walking stimulates the development of collateral vessels, improving blood flow in peripheral artery disease.