Nokea
Which instruction should the nurse include when reinforcing teaching with the parents about safety considerations for a child with a surgically corrected myelomeningocele?
- A. Make sure braces lie smoothly against the child's skin.
- B. Ensure that the child shifts position at least every 3 hours.
- C. Place a blanket between the child and the wheelchair seat.
- D. Check all of the child's skin daily for redness or irritation.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Daily skin checks are essential to prevent pressure ulcers and other skin complications in children with myelomeningocele.
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Which statement reflects the most widely recognized theory for the use of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS)?
- A. The sensation created by the TENS unit blocks the brain's perception of pain impulses.
- B. The sensation created by the TENS unit travels to the nerve root of the injury.
- C. The sensation created by the TENS unit destroys the brain's pain center.
- D. The sensation created by the TENS unit weakens nociceptor sensory nerves.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The gate control theory posits that TENS blocks pain impulses by stimulating non-pain sensory nerves, reducing the brain's perception of pain from the injured area.
Later the client says, 'I know my arm isn't there, but I feel it throbbing.' Which response by the nurse would be most accurate?
- A. You may be experiencing referred pain from an adjacent muscle.
- B. You may be experiencing phantom pain from the amputated site.
- C. You may be experiencing psychogenic pain from emotional distress.
- D. You may be experiencing intractable pain that can best be treated with opioids.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Phantom pain is a common sensation of pain in the amputated limb due to nerve endings firing, accurately describing the client's experience. The other options misattribute the cause.
Which statement by the nurse provides the best explanation about the purpose of antiembolism stockings?
- A. Antiembolism stockings prevent blood from pooling in the legs.
- B. Antiembolism stockings reduce blood flow to the exercises.
- C. Antiembolism stockings keep the blood pressure lower in the legs.
- D. Antiembolism stockings keep the blood vessels constricted.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Antiembolism stockings apply graduated compression to promote venous return, preventing blood pooling and reducing the risk of deep vein thrombosis in immobile clients. The other options are inaccurate.
Which is the best technique for the nurse to use when applying the elastic bandage to the client's lower extremity?
- A. Making figure-eight turns with the bandage
- B. Making spiral-reverse turns with the bandage
- C. Making recurrent turns with the bandage
- D. Making spica turns with the bandage
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The figure-eight technique provides even compression and support around the ankle joint, stabilizing it while allowing some flexibility. Spiral-reverse turns are better for cylindrical limbs, recurrent turns are used for stumps, and spica turns are typically for larger joints like the hip or shoulder.
The nurse starting the shift is determining priorities for the day. Prioritize the order that the nurse should plan to assess the four clients.
- A. Client who had a left BKA and has left foot pain of 6 on a 0 to 10 scale
- B. Client who has a right lower leg cast whose right foot is cold to the touch
- C. Client who had a THR and 200-mL wound drain output during the past 8 hours
- D. Client who had a spinal fusion and has not voided since the urinary catheter removal 4 hours ago
Correct Answer: B,A,D,C
Rationale: B. The client who has a right lower leg cast whose right foot is cold to the touch should be assessed first. The data could indicate compartment syndrome, which is an emergent condition. A. The client who had a left BKA and has left foot pain of 6 on a 0 to 10 scale should be assessed second because pain is a priority in a postoperative client and should be addressed in a timely manner, but this is not an emergent situation. D. The client who had a spinal fusion and has not voided since the urinary catheter removal 4 hours ago should be assessed third for the presence of urinary retention. Usually the client should void within 6 hours after a urinary catheter has been removed. C. The client who had a THR and 200-mL wound drain output during the past 8 hours should be assessed last. This amount of output is a common finding following a THR due to the vascular nature of the operative site.