Nokea
Which is a consequence of the physical punishment of children, such as spanking?
- A. The psychological impact is usually minimal.
- B. The child's development of reasoning increases.
- C. Children rarely become accustomed to spanking.
- D. Misbehavior is likely to occur when parents are not present.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Physical punishment, such as spanking, may result in children misbehaving when parents are not present, as it does not teach appropriate behavior or self-regulation.
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One of the most critical needs of the infant is control of body temperature. The nurse caring for a newborn warms all equipment that comes in direct contact with the newborn to help prevent which type of heat loss?
- A. Convection
- B. Evaporation
- C. Conduction
- D. Radiation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is Conduction (choice C). Conduction heat loss occurs when the newborn's skin comes into direct contact with a cooler surface, so warming equipment helps prevent this. Choice A, Convection, is the transfer of heat through air or water currents, not direct contact. Choice B, Evaporation, is the loss of heat through moisture on the skin evaporating, not direct contact. Choice D, Radiation, is the transfer of heat in the form of waves or particles, not direct contact.
The predominant characteristic of the intellectual development of a child aged 2 to 7 years is egocentricity. Which of the following best describes this concept?
- A. Selfishness
- B. Unable to see another's point of view
- C. Able to put self in another's place
- D. Prefers to play alone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Egocentricity in children aged 2 to 7 years means they are unable to see things from another person's perspective. This characteristic is a normal part of their cognitive development during this stage. Choice A, 'Selfishness,' is not an accurate description as egocentricity is more about a limited ability to understand others' viewpoints rather than intentional selfishness. Choice C, 'Able to put self in another's place,' is incorrect as egocentric children struggle to do this. Choice D, 'Prefers to play alone,' is not directly related to egocentricity but may be a behavior exhibited by some children for various reasons.
Which situation denotes a nontherapeutic nurse-patient-family relationship?
- A. The nurse is planning to read a favorite fairy tale to a patient
- B. During shift report, the nurse is criticizing parents for not visiting their child
- C. The nurse is discussing with a fellow nurse the emotional draw to a certain patient
- D. The nurse is working with a family to find ways to decrease the family's dependence on health care providers
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Criticizing parents or making negative comments about their involvement is nontherapeutic and can damage the nurse-patient-family relationship.
Why is it difficult to assess a child's dietary intake?
- A. No systematic assessment tool has been developed
- B. Biochemical analysis for assessing nutrition is expensive
- C. Families usually do not understand much about nutrition
- D. Recall of food consumption is frequently unreliable
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Recall of food intake, especially amounts eaten, is often unreliable. While systematic tools like the 24-hour recall and dietary history questionnaires exist, recall can still be challenging in accurately assessing a child's dietary intake. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because systematic assessment tools do exist, biochemical analysis is not the primary method for dietary assessment, and families' understanding of nutrition may vary but is not the main reason for the difficulty in assessing a child's dietary intake.
The school nurse is evaluating the number of school-age children classified as obese. The nurse recognizes that the percentile of body mass index that classifies a child as obese is greater than which?
- A. 50th percentile
- B. 75th percentile
- C. 80th percentile
- D. 95th percentile
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A child with a BMI greater than the 95th percentile is classified as obese, according to standard growth charts used in pediatric practice.