Nokea
Which is a major complication in a child with chronic renal failure?
- A. Hypokalemia
- B. Metabolic alkalosis
- C. Water and sodium retention
- D. Excessive excretion of blood urea nitrogen
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A major complication in a child with chronic renal failure is water and sodium retention, leading to fluid overload and hypertension. Because the kidneys are not functioning properly, they are unable to regulate fluid and sodium levels in the body effectively. This can result in edema, increased blood pressure, and potential heart complications. Monitoring and managing fluid and sodium intake are essential in managing this complication in children with chronic renal failure.
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The nurse would expect which of the following would be included in the plan of care/
- A. Have the client drink at least 8 glases of water in the first day
- B. Administer NaHCO3 IV as per physician's orders
- C. Continue sodium bicarbonate for nausea
- D. Monitor electrolytes for hypokalemia and hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Monitoring electrolytes for hypokalemia (low potassium levels) and hypocalcemia (low calcium levels) is essential in the plan of care for a client. These electrolyte imbalances can be common in cases of dehydration and vomiting, and they can lead to serious complications if not detected and managed promptly. Hypokalemia can cause cardiac arrhythmias and muscle weakness, while hypocalcemia can lead to neuromuscular irritability and seizures. By monitoring electrolyte levels, the nurse can identify any imbalances early and take necessary interventions to prevent adverse outcomes.
A nurse is preparing to assess a 3-year-old child. What communication technique should the nurse use for this child?
- A. Focus communication on child.
- B. Explain experiences of others to child.
- C. Use easy analogies when possible.
- D. Assure child that communication is private.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When assessing a young child, it is important for the nurse to focus communication on the child by using simple language, asking direct questions, and using play-based approaches to facilitate communication. By engaging the child directly and adapting communication techniques to their developmental level, the nurse can establish rapport, gain the child's trust, and obtain accurate information during the assessment process. This approach helps create a positive and supportive environment for the child, making them feel comfortable and understood.
What deficits would the nurse expect in a right-handed person experiencing a stroke affecting the left side of the cortex?
- A. Expressive aphasia and paralysis on the right side of the body.
- B. Expressive aphasia and paralysis on the left side of the body. .
- C. Dysarthria and paralysis on the right side of the body.
- D. Mixed aphasia and paralysis on the right side of the body.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In a right-handed individual experiencing a stroke that affects the left side of the cortex, the deficits are typically seen on the opposite side of the body due to the way the brain is wired. This phenomenon is known as contralateral organization. In this scenario, the left side of the brain controls the right side of the body.
Parents report that they have been giving a multivitamin to their 1-year-old infant. The nurse counsels the parents that which vitamin can cause a toxic reaction at a low dose?
- A. Niacin
- B. B
- C. D
- D. C
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that can be toxic in high doses, leading to hypercalcemia. Infants are particularly vulnerable to vitamin D toxicity because they have a lower ability to excrete excess vitamin D. Symptoms of vitamin D toxicity include nausea, vomiting, weakness, and kidney problems. Therefore, it is important for parents to avoid giving high doses of vitamin D to infants and always follow healthcare provider recommendations for supplementation.
Mr. Go had a post-kidney transplant. What should the nurse immediately assess?
- A. fluid and electrolyte imbalances
- B. hepatotoxicity
- C. infection
- D. respiratory complications
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: After a kidney transplant, it is essential for the nurse to immediately assess for fluid and electrolyte imbalances in the recipient. The transplanted kidney may take some time to start functioning optimally, and during this period, the body may not be able to regulate fluid and electrolyte balance effectively. Monitoring for signs of fluid overload, electrolyte disturbances, and kidney function is crucial to prevent complications such as dehydration, electrolyte abnormalities, and organ rejection. Early detection of these imbalances allows for prompt intervention and prevention of potential complications.