Nokea
Which is a water soluble vitamin?
- A. D
- B. B12
- C. A
- D. K
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: B12. B12 is a water-soluble vitamin because it dissolves in water and can be easily excreted through urine if taken in excess. It plays a crucial role in red blood cell formation and neurological function. Vitamins D, A, and K are fat-soluble vitamins, meaning they require fat for absorption and are stored in the body's fat tissues, making it harder to excrete excess amounts. This is why B12 is the only water-soluble vitamin among the choices.
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The posterior pituitary stores and releases .
- A. prolactin and oxytocin
- B. oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- C. ADH and growth hormone
- D. growth hormone and prolactin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
1. The posterior pituitary stores and releases oxytocin and ADH.
2. Oxytocin is responsible for uterine contractions and milk ejection.
3. ADH regulates water balance by controlling water reabsorption in the kidneys.
Therefore, B is the correct answer.
A, C, and D are incorrect because prolactin, growth hormone, and other hormones are not stored or released by the posterior pituitary.
The largest endocrine gland(s) that makes 3 hormones that affect the metabolism is the:
- A. pancreas
- B. adrenal glands
- C. thyroid gland
- D. pituitary gland
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland that produces 3 hormones (T3, T4, and calcitonin) that regulate metabolism. T3 and T4 control the body's metabolic rate, while calcitonin helps regulate calcium levels in the blood. The pancreas (A) primarily produces insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels. The adrenal glands (B) produce hormones like cortisol and adrenaline to regulate stress response. The pituitary gland (D) controls various other endocrine glands but does not primarily produce hormones affecting metabolism.
A patient with diabetes insipidus is treated with nasal desmopressin acetate (DDAVP). The nurse determines that the drug is not having an adequate therapeutic effect when the patient experiences
- A. Headache and weight gain.
- B. A urine specific gravity of 1.002.
- C. Nasal irritation and nausea.
- D. An oral intake greater than urinary output.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: If the drug is not effective, the patient's urine specific gravity will remain low (1.002), indicating continued inability to concentrate urine.
Annabelle has been referred to an endocrinologist for evaluation of the following symptoms: infertility, hypogonadism, and delayed puberty. Which hormone(s) from the pituitary is/are lacking in Annabelle?
- A. FSH and LH.
- B. ACTH.
- C. TSH.
- D. Growth hormone.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Infertility, hypogonadism, and delayed puberty in women are commonly due to a deficiency in the pituitary hormones FSH and LH, which regulate reproductive function.
The bones, kidneys, and intestine are target organs of this calcium-regulator hormone.
- A. T3 and T4
- B. PTH
- C. ACTH
- D. Oxytocin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: PTH. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates calcium levels in the body by acting on bones, kidneys, and intestine. PTH stimulates release of calcium from bones, reabsorption of calcium in kidneys, and absorption of calcium in the intestine. T3 and T4 are thyroid hormones that do not directly regulate calcium levels. ACTH is adrenocorticotropic hormone that stimulates the adrenal glands. Oxytocin is a hormone involved in labor and lactation, not calcium regulation.