Nokea
Which is an example of a policy-level intervention in community health?
- A. Implementing new treatment protocols
- B. Educating individuals about healthy behaviors
- C. Establishing community health clinics
- D. Advocating for legislative changes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, advocating for legislative changes. Policy-level interventions involve changing laws or regulations to improve community health outcomes. Advocating for legislative changes can address systemic issues and create sustainable improvements. Implementing new treatment protocols (A) is a clinical intervention. Educating individuals about healthy behaviors (B) is a behavior-level intervention. Establishing community health clinics (C) is a service-level intervention.
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What is the primary focus of public health?
- A. Preventing disease and promoting health
- B. Providing health education
- C. Ensuring access to health care services
- D. Reducing health disparities
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The primary focus of public health is preventing disease and promoting health. This is because public health aims to improve the overall health of populations through preventive measures such as vaccinations, health education, and policy interventions. By focusing on prevention, public health addresses the root causes of health issues and promotes well-being on a larger scale. Providing health education (choice B) is a component of public health but not the primary focus. Ensuring access to health care services (choice C) is important but falls under healthcare delivery rather than public health. Reducing health disparities (choice D) is a goal of public health but not the primary focus, as it is a part of the broader mission to promote health equity.
During secondary prevention activities, what action is a healthcare professional performing?
- A. Conducting health screenings
- B. Providing early treatment for disease
- C. Administering medications
- D. Referral to specialized care
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Providing early treatment for disease. Secondary prevention involves early detection and treatment of a disease to prevent its progression. By providing early treatment, healthcare professionals aim to minimize the impact of the disease and prevent complications. Conducting health screenings (A) is part of primary prevention to identify risk factors before a disease develops. Administering medications (C) is a treatment intervention but not specific to secondary prevention. Referral to specialized care (D) may be needed but does not directly involve providing early treatment for the disease as in secondary prevention.
Failure of muscle coordination, including unsteady movements and staggering walk due to disorders in the cerebellum is called:
- A. Anoxia
- B. Dyslexia
- C. Paraplegia
- D. Ataxia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Certainly! The correct answer is D: Ataxia. Ataxia refers to the failure of muscle coordination, resulting in unsteady movements and a staggering walk. The cerebellum controls balance and coordination, so disorders in this area can lead to ataxia.
A: Anoxia refers to a lack of oxygen supply to tissues, not related to muscle coordination.
B: Dyslexia is a learning disorder involving difficulty with reading, unrelated to muscle coordination.
C: Paraplegia is paralysis of the lower half of the body, not specifically related to muscle coordination issues seen in ataxia.
What is the drug of choice for progressive multiple sclerosis?
- A. Ocrelizumab
- B. Dimethyl fumarate
- C. Teriflunomide
- D. Fluoroquinolones
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ocrelizumab. It is the drug of choice for progressive multiple sclerosis due to its proven efficacy in reducing disease progression and disability in clinical trials. Ocrelizumab specifically targets B cells, which play a key role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Dimethyl fumarate (B) and Teriflunomide (C) are more commonly used for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis rather than progressive forms. Fluoroquinolones (D) are antibiotics and have no role in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Paralysis of all or part of the trunk, legs, and pelvic organs is referred to as:
- A. Hemiplegia
- B. Tetraplegia
- C. Paraplegia
- D. Hemiparesis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Paraplegia. Paraplegia refers to the paralysis of the lower half of the body, including both legs and often the trunk and pelvic organs. This term specifically indicates paralysis below the waist. Hemiplegia (A) refers to paralysis on one side of the body, not the trunk and legs. Tetraplegia (B) is paralysis of all four limbs and the trunk, not specifically the trunk, legs, and pelvic organs. Hemiparesis (D) is weakness on one side of the body, not a complete paralysis of the trunk, legs, and pelvic organs.