Nokea
Which is an important nursing consideration in preventing the complications of congenital hypothyroidism (CH)?
- A. Assess for family history of CH.
- B. Assess mother for signs of hypothyroidism.
- C. Be certain appropriate screening is done prenatally.
- D. Be certain appropriate screening is done on newborn.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Early detection and prompt treatment are crucial in preventing the complications of congenital hypothyroidism (CH). All newborns should undergo newborn screening tests, including a test for CH. This screening helps to identify infants with CH early on, allowing for timely interventions such as thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Failure to conduct appropriate screening on newborns can lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment, which can result in significant developmental delays and other complications associated with CH. Therefore, ensuring that appropriate screening is done on newborns is a key nursing consideration in preventing the complications of congenital hypothyroidism.
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The most common symptom of JRA that causes a patient to seek medical attention is:
- A. joint swelling.
- B. limited movement.
- C. fatigue.
- D. pain.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most common symptom of Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) that causes a patient to seek medical attention is pain. Joint pain is a hallmark symptom of JRA and can range from mild discomfort to severe pain. This pain can be persistent or intermittent, and it often worsens with movement or activity. Pain is a significant factor that leads patients to seek medical evaluation in order to diagnose and manage their condition. While joint swelling, limited movement, and fatigue are also common symptoms of JRA, pain is typically the primary reason patients seek medical attention.
A client with Addison's disease comes to the clinic for a follow-up visit. When assessing this client, the nurse should stay alert for signs and symptoms of:
- A. calcium and phosphorus abnormalities
- B. sodium and chloride abnormalities
- C. chloride and magnesium
- D. sodium and potassium abnormalities abnormalities.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Addison's disease, also known as adrenal insufficiency, is a condition where the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones. One of the primary functions of the adrenal glands is to regulate sodium and potassium levels in the body. In Addison's disease, the lack of adrenal hormones can lead to electrolyte imbalances, specifically low sodium levels (hyponatremia) and high potassium levels (hyperkalemia).
A client is undergoing a diagnostic workup for suspected thyroid cancer. What is the most common form of thyroid cancer in adults?
- A. Follicular carcinoma
- B. Anaplastic carcinoma
- C. Medullary carcinoma
- D. Papillary carcinoma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Papillary carcinoma is the most common form of thyroid cancer in adults, accounting for approximately 80% of all thyroid cancers. It typically affects individuals in their 30s and 40s and has an excellent prognosis with high survival rates, especially when detected early. Papillary carcinoma arises from the follicular cells of the thyroid gland and is known for its characteristic papillary growth pattern. It often presents as a painless thyroid nodule and may be associated with a history of radiation exposure. Treatment usually involves surgery to remove the thyroid gland (thyroidectomy) followed by radioactive iodine therapy and thyroid hormone replacement.
A 34 year old client is diagnosed with AIDS. His pharmacologic management includes zidovudine (AZT). During a home visit, the client states, "I don't understand how this medication works. Will it stop the infection?" What is the nurse's best response?
- A. The medication helps to slow the disease process, but it won't cure or stop it totally
- B. The medication blocks reverse transcriptase, the enzyme required fro HIV replication
- C. Don't you know? There aren't medication to stop or cure HIV
- D. No. it won't stop the infection. In fact, sometimes the HIV can become immune to the drug itself
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse's best response is, "The medication blocks reverse transcriptase, the enzyme required for HIV replication." This response provides the client with a clear and accurate explanation of how zidovudine (AZT) works. AZT is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) that works by blocking the activity of reverse transcriptase, an enzyme needed for HIV replication. By inhibiting this enzyme, AZT helps to slow down the replication of the virus, reducing the viral load in the body and slowing the progression of the disease. It is important for the client to understand that while AZT can help manage HIV/AIDS, it is not a cure and will not completely eliminate the infection.
Toni's disease process involves a sacral plexus. Assessment should include:
- A. Bladder problems
- B. Sexual activity
- C. Bowel management
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When a patient's disease process involves the sacral plexus, such as in the case of Toni, it is important to assess aspects related to bladder problems, sexual activity, and bowel management. The sacral plexus plays a significant role in controlling functions such as bladder and bowel movements, as well as sexual function. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment including all of these areas is essential to provide holistic care for the patient and address any potential issues related to the sacral plexus involvement.