Nokea
Which is an important nursing consideration in the care of the newborn with PKU?
- A. Suggest ways to make formula more palatable.
- B. Teach proper administration of phenylalanine hydroxylase.
- C. Encourage the breastfeeding mother to adhere to a low-phenylalanine diet.
- D. Give reassurance that dietary restrictions are a temporary inconvenience.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Encouraging the breastfeeding mother to adhere to a low-phenylalanine diet is an important nursing consideration in the care of the newborn with PKU. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inborn error of metabolism in which the body cannot metabolize phenylalanine properly. If a newborn with PKU consumes formula or breast milk that contains high levels of phenylalanine, it can lead to severe intellectual disability and other health complications. By encouraging the breastfeeding mother to follow a low-phenylalanine diet, the newborn's exposure to phenylalanine can be minimized, helping to prevent the negative effects of PKU.
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A 72 y.o. man is admitted to a skilled care facility following a stroke. When the nursing assistant is bathing him, he makes a sexual remark and tries to touch her inappropriately. The assistant finishes the bath, then tells the LPN in charge, "I refuse to take care of that dirty old man!" Which response by the nurse is best?
- A. "The next time he tries to touch you inappropriately, lightly smack his hand and tell him no!"
- B. "His stroke has made him less inhibited. We'll see if we can find a male assistant to help him."
- C. "We have to take care of all patients equally, even the dirty old men."
- D. "He didn't mean anything by it, just ignore it."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The best response by the nurse is to address the situation with understanding and empathy. Referring to the patient as a "dirty old man" is disrespectful and unprofessional. The nurse should acknowledge that the patient's behavior may be a result of the stroke affecting his inhibitions and offer a solution to find a male assistant to help him, recognizing the nursing assistant's discomfort while still providing care for the patient. It is important to prioritize the well-being and comfort of both the patient and the staff while maintaining professionalism and dignity in the care provided.
Which painful, tender, pea-sized nodules may appear on the pads of the fingers or toes in bacterial endocarditis?
- A. Osler nodes
- B. Janeway lesions
- C. Subcutaneous nodules
- D. Aschoff nodes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Osler nodes are painful, tender, pea-sized nodules that can appear on the pads of the fingers or toes and are associated with bacterial endocarditis. These nodules result from immune-complex deposition in the small blood vessels of the skin. They are not to be confused with Janeway lesions, which are painless, non-tender macules found on the palms and soles in infective endocarditis. Subcutaneous nodules are seen in conditions like rheumatic fever, while Aschoff nodes are characteristic of rheumatic fever involving the heart.
Potential sources of mercury include all of the following EXCEPT
- A. swordfish
- B. old teething powders
- C. quicksilver
- D. milk
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Mercury is not typically found in milk. It is commonly found in fish, old teething powders, quicksilver, and other sources.
A patient is diagnosed with acute bacterial conjunctivitis. In providing patient teaching the nurse would tell the patient that this condition is more commonly known as which of the following?
- A. Glaucoma
- B. Color blindness
- C. Astigmatism
- D. Pinkeye
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acute bacterial conjunctivitis is commonly known as "pinkeye." This condition is characterized by inflammation of the conjunctiva (the thin transparent layer covering the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids) due to a bacterial infection. It is a common eye condition that can cause symptoms such as redness, swelling, itching, and a discharge from the eye. Treatment often involves antibiotic eye drops or ointments to help clear the infection. It is important for patients with pinkeye to practice good hygiene, avoid sharing towels or pillows, and wash hands frequently to prevent the spread of infection to others.
Which is the leading cause of death in infants younger than 1 year?
- A. Congenital anomalies
- B. Sudden infant death syndrome
- C. Respiratory distress syndrome
- D. Bacterial sepsis of the newborn
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Congenital anomalies are the leading cause of death in infants younger than 1 year. These anomalies are conditions that a baby is born with, either due to genetic factors or other factors during fetal development. They can affect various parts of the body, such as the heart, brain, or other organs. Congenital anomalies can be severe and life-threatening, leading to infant mortality. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is also a significant cause of infant deaths, but congenital anomalies are more commonly cited as the leading cause of death in this age group.