Nokea
Which is another name for thiamine?
- A. Vitamin B1
- B. Vitamin B2
- C. Vitamin B6
- D. Vitamin D
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Thiamine is another name for Vitamin B1. It is an essential vitamin that plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and is important for the proper functioning of the nervous system. Vitamin B2 is riboflavin, not thiamine. Vitamin B6 is pyridoxine, not thiamine. Vitamin D is a different vitamin responsible for calcium absorption and bone health, not thiamine. Therefore, the correct answer is Vitamin B1.
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You have been given a sample tissue that has pillar-shaped cells arranged tightly together. The tissue you have is:
- A. Squamous Epithelium
- B. Cuboidal Epithelium
- C. Columnar Epithelium
- D. Transitional Epithelium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Columnar Epithelium. Columnar epithelium is characterized by tall, pillar-like cells that are closely packed together. This arrangement allows for absorption and secretion in tissues like the digestive tract, where this type of epithelium is commonly found. Squamous epithelium (choice A) consists of flat cells, cuboidal epithelium (choice B) has cube-shaped cells, and transitional epithelium (choice D) is found in areas that need to stretch and expand, like the urinary bladder.
Which bones do the rotator cuff help to stabilize?
- A. Radius and humerus
- B. Scapula and clavicle
- C. Humerus and scapula
- D. Ulna and radius
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Humerus and scapula. The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that help stabilize the shoulder joint. Specifically, the rotator cuff muscles help to stabilize the head of the humerus (the upper arm bone) within the shallow socket of the scapula (shoulder blade). This stabilizing action is crucial for maintaining shoulder joint function and preventing injuries. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the rotator cuff primarily stabilizes the humerus and scapula, not the radius, ulna, or clavicle.
What structures are likely torn in a rotator cuff tear?
- A. Tendon and possibly ligament
- B. Muscle and possibly tendon
- C. Ligament and possibly muscle
- D. Tendon only
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In a rotator cuff tear, the most common structures torn are the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles. In severe cases, the tear may also extend to involve the surrounding ligaments. Therefore, the correct answer is A, as it accurately represents the structures that are likely to be affected in a rotator cuff tear. Choice B is incorrect as muscles are not typically torn in a rotator cuff tear. Choice C is also incorrect as ligaments are not the primary structures involved in a rotator cuff tear. Choice D is incorrect because a rotator cuff tear typically involves more than just the tendons.
Which organ system is primarily responsible for maintaining temperature control?
- A. The skeletal system
- B. The digestive system
- C. The nervous system
- D. The integumentary system
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The integumentary system, which includes the skin, hair, and nails, is primarily responsible for maintaining temperature control in the body. The skin helps regulate body temperature through processes like sweating to cool down and shivering to generate heat. Additionally, blood vessels in the skin can dilate or constrict to control the amount of heat lost or retained by the body. This system plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and keeping the body at a stable temperature. The skeletal system (Choice A) provides structural support and protection to the body but is not directly involved in temperature regulation. The digestive system (Choice B) is responsible for breaking down food and absorbing nutrients, not for regulating body temperature. The nervous system (Choice C) controls body functions through electrical impulses but is not the primary system responsible for temperature control.
Which of the following is not part of the body's secondary defense system?
- A. Macrophages
- B. Leukocytes
- C. T cells
- D. Cilia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cilia are not part of the body's secondary defense system. They are hair-like structures primarily involved in movement and transporting substances across cell surfaces, such as in the respiratory tract for debris and pathogen removal. However, cilia do not play a direct role in the immune response mechanisms characteristic of the body's secondary defense system. Macrophages, leukocytes, and T cells are immune cells that actively participate in the secondary defense system by targeting and eliminating pathogens.