Nokea
Which is most important in the immediate care of the newborn?
- A. Maintain patent airway.
- B. Maintain stable body temperature.
- C. Administer prophylactic eye care.
- D. Establish identification of mother and baby.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Maintaining a patent airway is the most critical aspect in the immediate care of a newborn. An open airway is essential for the newborn to breathe effectively and receive adequate oxygen. Any obstruction in the airway can lead to respiratory distress and compromise the baby's oxygenation. Therefore, ensuring the airway is clear and the newborn can breathe properly is the top priority in providing immediate care. While other choices are important aspects of newborn care, ensuring a patent airway takes precedence in order to support the newborn's respiratory function and overall well-being.
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Childhood primary brain stem tumors are a heterogeneous group of tumors; the outcome usually depends on the tumor location. Which tumor, depending on the site of tumor, carries the worst prognosis?
- A. focal dorsally exophytic
- B. cervicomedullary diffuse intrinsic
- C. none of the above
- D. diffuse intrinsic
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG) have the worst prognosis among brainstem tumors.
For most children with enuresis, the only test recommended is
- A. blood sugar
- B. serum electrolytes
- C. urinalysis
- D. abdominal sonography
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Urinalysis is the standard initial test for evaluating enuresis to rule out urinary tract infections or other conditions.
Which should the nurse consider when preparing a school-age child and the family for heart surgery?
- A. Unfamiliar equipment should not be shown.
- B. Let the child hear the sounds of an ECG monitor.
- C. Avoid mentioning postoperative discomfort and interventions.
- D. Explain that an endotracheal tube will not be needed if the surgery goes well.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When preparing a school-age child and the family for heart surgery, it is essential to provide honest and age-appropriate information to help the child feel more comfortable and reduce anxiety. Letting the child hear the sounds of an ECG monitor is beneficial as it allows them to become familiar with medical equipment and procedures, making them less intimidated by the unfamiliar sounds they may encounter during and after surgery. Familiarizing the child with the sounds can also help alleviate fears and promote understanding of what is happening during the procedure. It is important to maintain open communication, address concerns, and prepare the child and family for what to expect before, during, and after surgery.
Childhood primary brain stem tumors are a heterogeneous group of tumors; the outcome usually depends on the tumor location. Which tumor, depending on the site of tumor, carries the worst prognosis?
- A. focal dorsally exophytic
- B. cervicomedullary diffuse intrinsic
- C. none of the above
- D. diffuse intrinsic
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG) have the worst prognosis among brainstem tumors.
Which of the following patients should the nurse monitors because of increased risk for surgical complications?
- A. 25-year old with appendicitis
- B. patient 5'3" in height, weight 180 lbs
- C. 12-year old with fractured knee
- D. 17-year old with gallstone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The patient who is 5'3" in height and weighs 180 lbs is considered obese based on their body mass index (BMI). Obesity is a significant risk factor for surgical complications such as wound infections, blood clots, and respiratory issues. In obese patients, surgical procedures can be more challenging due to difficulties in accessing and visualizing surgical sites, longer surgery times, and increased stress on the body's organs. Therefore, this patient should be closely monitored for potential surgical complications.