Nokea
Which is not useful to test brainstem death in suspected cervical spine injury?
- A. Pupillary light reflex
- B. Doll's-eyes reflex
- C. Corneal reflex
- D. Oculo-vestibular reflex
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Doll's-eyes reflex is not used in suspected cervical spine injury due to the risk of further injury.
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Which assessment indicates that the parent of a 7-year-old is following the prescribed treatment for congestive heart failure (CHF)?
- A. HR of 56 beats per minute
- B. Elevated red blood cell count
- C. 50th percentile height and weight for age
- D. Urine output of 0.5 cc/kg/hr
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Normal growth (50th percentile) indicates good nutrition and overall health, suggesting that CHF is well controlled.
A grade II vibratory, mid-systolic murmur at the mid sternal border in a 4-year-old child that is louder when the child is supine is most likely which type of murmur?
- A. Pathologic murmur
- B. Pulmonary flow murmur
- C. Still's murmur
- D. Venous hum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A Still's murmur is characterized by a vibratory or musical low-grade sound, along the sternal border, which is louder when the child is supine or during inspiration.
The following favour a non-organic (psychological) cause of abdominal pain:
- A. Two-year history
- B. Family history of peptic ulcer
- C. Family history of migraine
- D. Absence from school
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A long history of abdominal pain without organic findings suggests a psychological cause. Family history of peptic ulcer or migraine is less relevant.
A nurse is preparing to administer an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Which drug should the nurse administer?
- A. Captopril (Capoten)
- B. Furosemide (Lasix)
- C. Spironolactone (Aldactone)
- D. Chlorothiazide (Diuril)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Captopril is an ACE inhibitor. Furosemide is a loop diuretic. Spironolactone blocks the action of aldosterone. Chlorothiazide works on the distal tubules.
Features predisposing to NEC (necrotising enterocolitis) in the neonatal period include:
- A. Short fixation
- B. Asphyxia
- C. Umbilical artery catheter
- D. Maternal Crohn's disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Asphyxia is a known risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) due to its effect on intestinal blood flow, leading to bowel ischemia and increased risk of bacterial translocation.