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Which is the best explanation for the use of hydration and relaxation in the treatment of hypertonic labor?
- A. Hydration promotes uterine relaxation by diluting endogenous oxytocin.
- B. Hydration improves uterine coordination by increasing perfusion.
- C. Hydration encourages contraction regulation by stimulating catecholamine release.
- D. Hydration stimulates the production of prostaglandins to relax the uterus.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hydration helps to dilute endogenous oxytocin, which can reduce uterine contractions and relax the uterus. Hypertonic labor involves excessive uterine contractions, and hydration can counteract this by regulating contractions and improving perfusion, which ultimately aids in a more coordinated and effective labor progression.
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The health care provider for a laboring patient makes the following entry into the patient’s record: 3/50%/+1. What instruction will the nurse implement with the patient?
- A. "You will need to remain in bed attached to the electronic fetal monitor.”
- B. "Breathe with me slowly, in through your nose and out through your mouth.”
- C. "I will begin the administration of 1000 mL of IV fluid so you can have an epidural.”
- D. "Your partner will need to change into scrub attire to attend the imminent birth.”
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The notation "3/50%/+" in the patient's record indicates that the patient is dilated 3 cm, the effacement is 50%, and the presenting part of the fetus is at +1 station. This information signifies that the patient is in active labor. The nurse should implement the instruction of having the patient remain in bed attached to the electronic fetal monitor to closely monitor the progression of labor and the well-being of the fetus. This will allow for continuous assessment and prompt interventions as needed.
What effect will the presence of support people in labor most likely have?
- A. improve the experience of the birthing person
- B. improve the outcomes of the birthing person
- C. improve the outcomes and experience of the birthing person
- D. cause birth trauma and/or postpartum depression
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The presence of support people during labor, such as a partner, family member, doula, or midwife, can have a positive impact on both the outcomes and experience of the birthing person. Studies have shown that having continuous support during labor can lead to shorter labor times, reduced need for medical interventions like cesarean sections or epidurals, increased satisfaction with the birth experience, and decreased likelihood of experiencing postpartum depression. Emotional support, physical comfort, and advocacy provided by support people can help the birthing person feel more empowered, confident, and less stressed during labor, ultimately leading to better outcomes and a more positive birth experience.
An increase in urinary frequency and leg cramps after the 36th week of pregnancy are an indication of
- A. lightening.
- B. breech presentation.
- C. urinary tract infection.
- D. onset of Braxton-Hicks contractions.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An increase in urinary frequency and leg cramps after the 36th week of pregnancy are common signs of "lightening." Lightening refers to the descent of the baby into the pelvis in preparation for labor. This shift in position can put pressure on the bladder, leading to increased urinary frequency. Additionally, the pressure on nerves and blood vessels in the pelvis can cause leg cramps. These symptoms are typically experienced in the final weeks of pregnancy and are considered normal signs that the body is preparing for labor.
A fetus is positioned in the occiput anterior position. The nurse determines that the fetus is positioned in which way?
- A. The fetal shoulder is closest to the vaginal opening.
- B. The fetal head is closest to the vaginal opening and the occiput is directed toward the maternal symphysis.
- C. The fetal head is closest to the uterine fundus and is directed toward the maternal symphysis.
- D. The fetal head is closest to the vaginal opening and is directed toward the maternal sacrum.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The occiput anterior position means the fetal head is closest to the vaginal opening, and the occiput is directed toward the maternal symphysis.
Which female pelvis is most suitable for vaginal delivery?
- A. Gynecoid
- B. Android
- C. Platypelloid
- D. Anthropoid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A gynecoid pelvis is the most suitable for vaginal delivery.