Nokea
Which is the incorrect statement regarding effect of dobutamine infusion in patients with heart failure
- A. Left ventricular end diastolic pressure decreases
- B. Mean arterial pressure decreases slightly due to interplay of actions on alpha 1 and alpha 2 receptors
- C. Left ventricular end systolic volume decreases
- D. There is increased myocardial oxygen demand
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mean arterial pressure typically increases, not decreases, with dobutamine infusion due to its inotropic effects.
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What are FOUR possible differential diagnoses associated with aortopathy in a child, aside from Marfan’s?
- A. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (vascular type IV)
- B. Bicuspid aortic valve
- C. Takayasu Arteritis
- D. Unrepaired coarctation of the aorta
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: These are potential differential diagnoses associated with aortopathy in children, aside from Marfan’s syndrome, which is a common condition linked to aortic dilation.
The most common cause of bacterial meningitis in children under 5 years is:
- A. Neisseria meningitidis
- B. Haemophilus influenzae
- C. Streptococcus pneumoniae
- D. Listeria monocytogenes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in children under 5 years, especially in those who are not immunized.
An emergency room nurse obtains the health history of a client. Which statement by the client should alert the nurse to the occurrence of heart failure?
- A. I get short of breath when I climb stairs.
- B. I see halos floating around my head.
- C. I have trouble remembering things.
- D. I have lost weight over the past month.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Shortness of breath, especially during exertion, is a classic symptom of heart failure due to the heart's inability to pump blood effectively.
The clinic nurse reviews the record of a child just seen by the health care provider and diagnosed with suspected aortic stenosis. The nurse expects to note documentation of which clinical manifestation specifically found in this disorder?
- A. Pallor
- B. Hyperactivity
- C. Exercise intolerance
- D. Gastrointestinal disturbances
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Exercise intolerance is a common clinical manifestation of aortic stenosis due to the heart's inability to pump sufficient blood during increased physical activity.
A client who had a biliopancreatic diversion procedure (BDP) 3 months ago is admitted with severe dehydration. Which assessment finding warrants immediate intervention by the nurse?
- A. Strong foul-smelling flatus
- B. Gastroccult positive emesis
- C. Complaint of poor night vision
- D. Loose bowel movements
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gastroccult positive emesis indicates gastrointestinal bleeding, which requires immediate intervention to prevent further complications.